Universally unique identifier

Universally unique identifier (UUID), de l'anglais signifiant littéralement « identifiant unique universel », est en informatique un système permettant à des systèmes distribués d'identifier de façon unique une information sans coordination centrale importante. Dans ce contexte, le mot « unique » doit être pris au sens de « unicité très probable » plutôt que « garantie d'unicité ». Il s'agit d'une spécification DCE définie initialement par l'OSF (Open Software Foundation). Cette spécification a été enrichie par la , en 2005, qui standardise des algorithmes de génération n'utilisant pas d'adresse matérielle. L'UUID est normalisé par l'ISO/IEC 9834-8:2008 qui prend en compte les algorithmes OSF, , mais aussi certains nommages « propriétaires ». Ces identifiants uniques sont codés sur et sont produits en utilisant des composantes pseudo-aléatoires ainsi que les caractéristiques d'un ordinateur (numéro de disque dur, adresse MAC, etc.). Un UUID est initialement conçu de manière à être

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From Web Data to Entities and Back

Nicolas Bonvin, Michele Catasta, Julien Gaugaz, Ekaterini Ioannou, Zoltán Miklós

We present the Entity Name System (ENS), an enabling infrastructure, which can host descriptions of named entities and provide unique identifiers, on large-scale. In this way, it opens new perspectives to realize entity-oriented, rather than keyword-oriented, Web information systems. We describe the architecture and the functionality of the ENS, along with tools, which all contribute to realize the Web of entities

2010

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FuzzGen: Automatic Fuzzer Generation

Mathias Josef Payer

Fuzzing is a testing technique to discover unknown vulnerabilities in software. When applying fuzzing to libraries, the core idea of supplying random input remains unchanged, yet it is non-trivial to achieve good code coverage. Libraries cannot run as standalone programs, but instead are invoked through another application. Triggering code deep in a library remains challenging as specific sequences of API calls are required to build up the necessary state. Libraries are diverse and have unique interfaces that require unique fuzzers, so far written by a human analyst. To address this issue, we present FuzzGen, a tool for automatically synthesizing fuzzers for complex libraries in a given environment. FuzzGen leverages a whole system analysis to infer the library's interface and synthesizes fuzzers specifically for that library. FuzzGen requires no human interaction and can be applied to a wide range of libraries. Furthermore, the generated fuzzers leverage LibFuzzer to achieve better code coverage and expose bugs that reside deep in the library. FuzzGen was evaluated on Debian and the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) selecting 7 libraries to generate fuzzers. So far, we have found 17 previously unpatched vulnerabilities with 6 assigned CVEs. The generated fuzzers achieve an average of 54.94% code coverage; an improvement of 6.94% when compared to manually written fuzzers, demonstrating the effectiveness and generality of FuzzGen.

USENIX ASSOC2020

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Understanding the design principles of organic sensitizers for highly efficient dye sensitized solar cells

Marko Stojanovic

Abstract The conversion of solar to electrical power has presented itself as a solution to meet the growing energy demand and replace our current fossil fuel dependence, which causes dramatic damages to the environment. At the heart of this challenge lies the performance optimization of photovoltaic (PV) technologies, but also rendering their manufacture cost-effective. Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted significant attention over the past decades because of their low-cost, facile manufacturing processes and wide range of very peculiar applications. Notably, DSSCs can power portable electronic devices under low ambient light or be used as semi-transparent cells for building integrated photovoltaics(BIPV). These attractive features are the consequence of the deviceâs unique architecture. A layer of mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) is coated with a colored light absorber in contact with a redox active electrolyte, squeezed between a counter electrode. Dye design is an important step in developing high efficiency devices as each of the dye structural feature will influence its opto-electrochemical properties. Modern era dyes are constructed according to the Donor-Ï-Acceptor(D-Ï-A) pattern, where the donor would be an electron rich moiety and the acceptor an electron poor one. The D-Ï-A pattern was improved over the years, by adding an auxiliary electron accepting unit between the donor and the Ï-bridge to yield the new D-A-Ï-A pattern. The aim of this thesis was to understand the principles that dictate the design of efficient sensitizers. The efforts were focused on organic dyes combined with the newly developed high photo-voltage Cu(II/I) based electrolyte.

EPFL2021

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Système hexadécimal

Le système hexadécimal est un système de numération positionnel en base 16. Il utilise ainsi 16 symboles, en général les chiffres arabes pour les dix premiers chiffres et les lettres A à F pour les

PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL est un système de gestion de base de données relationnelle et objet (SGBDRO). C'est un outil libre disponible selon les termes d'une licence de type BSD. Ce système est comparable à d'autr

Adresse MAC

Une adresse MAC (de l'anglais Media Access Control), parfois nommée adresse physique, est un identifiant physique stocké dans une carte réseau ou une interface réseau similaire. Elle est unique au m

CH-419: Protein mass spectrometry and proteomics

In systems biology, proteomics represents an essential pillar. The understanding of protein function and regulation provides key information to decipher the complexity of living systems. Proteomic technology now enables deep quantitative proteome mapping via mass spectrometry.

CS-420: Advanced compiler construction

Students learn several implementation techniques for modern functional and object-oriented programming languages. They put some of them into practice by developing key parts of a compiler and run time system for a simple functional programming language.

CS-523: Advanced topics on privacy enhancing technologies

This advanced course will provide students with the knowledge to tackle the design of privacy-preserving ICT systems. Students will learn about existing technologies to prect privacy, and how to evaluate the protection they provide.