Face (sociologie)

Face is a class of behaviors and customs, associated with the morality, honor, and authority of an individual (or group of individuals), and its image in social groups. Face refers to a sociological concept in general linked to the dignity and prestige that a person has in terms of their social relationships. This idea with different nuances is observed in many societies and cultures such as Chinese, Arabic, Indonesian, Korean, Malaysian, Laotian, Indian, Japanese, Vietnamese, Filipino, Thai, Russian and other Slavic cultures. Face has more meanings within the context of Chinese culture. Although Chinese writer Lin Yutang claimed "face cannot be translated or defined", these definitions have been created: Face is an image of self delineated in terms of approved social attributes. Face is the respectability and/or deference which a person can claim for themself or from others. Face is a quality that can be lost, maintained, or enhanced, and must be constantly attended to in interaction. Face is a sense of worth that comes from knowing one's status and reflecting concern with the congruence between one's performance or appearance and one's real worth. "Face" means "sociodynamic valuation", a lexical hyponym of words meaning "prestige; dignity; honor; respect; status". In China, in particular, the concepts of mianzi, lian and yan play an extremely important role in the fabric of society. In Chinese culture, "face" refers to two distinct concepts, although linked in Chinese social relations. One is mianzi (), and the other is lian (), which are used regularly in everyday language although not so much in formal writing. Two influential Chinese authors explained face. The Chinese writer Lu Xun referred to the American missionary Arthur Henderson Smith's interpretation. The term "face" keeps cropping up in our conversation, and it seems such a simple expression that I doubt whether many people give it much thought. Recently, however, we have heard this word on the lips of foreigners too, who seem to be studying it.