Réverbération (acoustique) | EPFL Graph Search

La réverbération est la persistance du son dans un lieu après l'interruption de la source sonore. La réverbération est le mélange d'une quantité de réflexions directes et indirectes donnant un son confus qui décroît progressivement. La réverbération du lieu d'écoute participe à l'impression musicale. Les cathédrales sont réputées pour leur longue réverbération, qui influe sur le répertoire qui s'y joue. Les architectes et les exploitants des grandes salles de musique symphonique se sont sans cesse préoccupés de l'acoustique des lieux, et ont cherché à la comprendre et à la maîtriser. La réverbération a un effet généralement positif sur l'impression musicale ; pour permettre aux artistes modernes de faire entendre, depuis la plus petite des cabines d'enregistrement, le son d'une grande salle, ou d'améliorer la perception stéréophonique, les fabricants de matériel électronique ont conçu et commercialisé des effets de réverbération. Le temps de réverbération optimal dépend de l'usage

De l'acoustique des églises en Suisse

Victor Desarnaulds

The existence of the fundamental conflict in churches between the desirable acoustic conditions for music and for speech intelligibility prompted this dissertation. It tackles the subject not only under the acoustical perspective but also in the historical, theological, musicological and architectural aspects. This research studies, initially, how during the past, the liturgy, the acoustical and organizational characteristics of churches supported one or the other of these attributes. The second chapter presents the objective analyses of many Reformed worships and Catholic masses which make it possible to show the conditions and requirements for the current Christian celebrations in Switzerland. The analysis of the church geometrical parameters (volume, height, etc.) and of the results of objective acoustical measurements (reverberation time, background noise and speech intelligibility) of approximately two hundred churches in Switzerland allows to statistically describe their characteristics and to objectively verify the assumptions made in the preceding chapter. Chapter 3 also studies the local or global range of conclusions by the comparison of the results obtained in Switzerland with those published for other countries (synthesis of about 400 churches). The study of the origin and the interaction between Liturgy and Acoustics passes in particular by the analysis of the history of sacred music but especially by the examination of the main methods implemented to improve the acoustics of churches. Chapter 4 presents the historical evolution and the acoustical effectiveness of two types of devices used in churches: acoustic pots and pulpits with their canopies. The position of the various participants does not influence only the listening conditions but also reveals the importance attached to their participation. Chapter 5 examines then the historical evolution and statistical analysis of the current conditions regarding the position of the organ, the spatial arrangements for the seated congregation in churches, as well as the effect of the occupation on reverberation time and speech intelligibility. Chapter 6 concludes with the analysis of the desirable acoustical conditions in current churches, particularly with regard to the architectural, organizational (sound system, assembly arrangement and organ location) and the acoustical parameters (reverberation time, background noise and speech intelligibility). This last analysis is based on a significant bibliographical synthesis and on the comparison, for the sampled churches, of the results for objective measurements with the subjective evaluations obtained by a parishioner's sample survey.

EPFL2002

Pyramic array: An FPGA based platform for multi-channel audio acquisition

Juan Azcarreta Ortiz

Microphone arrays techniques present compelling applications for robotic applications. Those techniques can allow robots to listen to their environment and infer clues from it. Such features might enable capabilities such as natural interaction with humans, interpreting spoken commands or the localization of victims during search and rescue tasks. However, under noisy conditions robotic implementations of microphone arrays might degrade their precision when localizing sound sources. For practical applications, human hearing still leaves behind microphone arrays. Daniel Kisch is an example of how humans are able to efficiently perform echo-localization to recognize their environment, even in noisy and reverberant environments. For ubiquitous computing, another limitation of acoustic localization algorithms is within their capabilities of performing real-time Digital Signal Processing (DSP) operations. To tackle those problems, tradeoffs between size, weight, cost and power consumption compromise the design of acoustic sensors for practical applications. This works presents the design and operation of a large microphone array for DSP applications in realistic environments. To address those problems this project introduces the Pyramic sound capture system designed at LAP in EPFL. Pyramic is a custom hardware which possesses 48 microphones distributed in the edges of a tetrahedron. The microphone arrays interact with a Terasic DE1-SoC board from Altera Cyclone V family devices, which combines a Hard Processor System (HPS) and a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) in the same die. The HPS part integrates a dual-core ARM-based Cortex-A9 processor, which combined with the power of FPGA design suitable for processing multichannel microphone signals. This thesis explains the implementation of the Pyramic array. Moreover, FPGA-based hardware accelerators have been designed to implement a Master SPI communication with the array and a parallel 48 channels FIR filters cascade of the audio data for delay-and-sum beamforming applications. Additionally, the configuration of the HPS part allows the Pyramic array to be controlled through a Linux based OS. The main purpose of the project is to develop a flexible platform in which real-time echo-location algorithms can be implemented. The effectiveness of the Pyramic array design is illustrated by testing the recorded data with offline direction of arrival algorithms developed at LCAV in EPFL.

2016

Measurement and characterization of room impulse responses

Thomas Batschelet

Room acoustics refers to the audio capture of an enclosed room. It can be seen as its color and fully describes the characteristics of the room, including the shape, size or the population. The goal of the project is to set up a database of Room impulse responses which will be useful in many fields in order to test algorithms. This document covers the way to set up equipment and successfully capture one of those room impulse responses.

2016

De l'acoustique des églises en Suisse

Victor Desarnaulds

EPFL2002

Pyramic array: An FPGA based platform for multi-channel audio acquisition

Juan Azcarreta Ortiz

2016