Moyen-Orient

Résumé

Le Moyen-Orient est, pour les Occidentaux, une région comprise entre la rive orientale de la mer Méditerranée et la ligne tracée par la frontière entre l'Iran et le Pakistan. Le Moyen-Orient fait partie de l'Asie de l'Ouest avec la Turquie asiatique, la Transcaucasie et le Sinaï égyptien. Proche-Orient et Moyen-Orient ne désignent pas deux espaces géographiques clairement séparés, comme si, en allant vers l'est, on voyait se succéder le Proche-Orient et le Moyen-Orient avant d'atteindre l'Extrême-Orient. Ces termes désignent un même espace défini, au tournant des , par le Foreign Office britannique comme le Middle East, et par le Quai d'Orsay français comme le Proche-Orient. L'espace concerné comprend au moins le Croissant fertile (Jordanie, Irak, Israël, Palestine, Syrie, Turquie et Liban), la péninsule arabique (Arabie saoudite, Yémen, Oman, Émirats arabes unis, Qatar, Bahreïn, Koweït) et la vallée du Nil (Égypte). On y ajoute parfois la République islamique d'Iran, le Pakistan et

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moyen-Orient

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The Birth of the Workshop: Techno-Morals, Peace Experts and the Care of the Self in the Middle East

Nikolas Kosmatopoulos

In the article I examine through ethnography and contextual analysis one of the flagship techniques of peace expertise in the Middle East and elsewhere, the so-called conflict resolution workshop. For the transnational and hyper-mobile clan of peacemakers and peace experts, the workshop constitutes maybe the absolute travel device: it can be transported and deployed everywhere without the need for translation into local vernaculars; it can exemplify the moral ambition for peace in the world backed with technical arrangements of space, time and learning mostly imported from other disciplinary settings; it can address sustained needs for knowledge and hopes for personal betterment by introducing a unique style of pedagogy based on both academic credentials and moral superiority. I present ethnographic evidence that shows how assemblages of peacemaking, most of them centred around the technique of the conflict resolution workshop, had at least three, often unintended, effects in Lebanon and beyond: First, a massive trend towards what one might call the workshopping of peace, namely the idea that major issues of broad concern regarding past and future violence can be effectively addressed within secluded spaces of conflict resolution workshops. Second, the widespread acceptance and consequent proliferation of a particular version of what Michel Foucault has called ‘the care of the self’ (Foucault 1986) primarily premised on a new configuration of peacemaking that understood the individual as the primary target of expert intervention in a distinct moral and technical sense. Third, the (re-)production of a professionalized field of peace experts, whose degree of legitimacy and conditions of institutional existence crucially depended on the constant need to reiterate and reify the binary between an intrinsically ignorant and potentially uncivil society (that needs to be trained) and themselves (who need to train it).

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Sequestration, Scholarship, Sentinel: The Post-Politics of Peace (and War)

Nikolas Kosmatopoulos

n Lebanon, diverse sociopolitical projects have sought to mend the wounds, repair the cracks, and overhaul the loss of the devastating civil war (1975–90). Experts and technopolitics have featured centrally in almost all of them. In my anthropological research on expertise on peace and crisis in Lebanon, I explore how, in the decades after the war, an abstract ideal of peace gave way to a distinct space occupied by diverse groups of experts. I analyze how a previously political aim was transformed into a professionalized field around which specialized knowledge domains were developed and technopolitical practices deployed. In this essay I briefly explore this new architecture of expert power based on the technopolitics of peace (and war) in the contemporary Middle East.

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The Birth of the Workshop: Techno-Morals, Peace Experts and the Care of the Self in the Middle East

Nikolas Kosmatopoulos

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