Concept
Point critique (thermodynamique)
Concepts associés (24)
Décomposition spinodale
Spinodal decomposition is a mechanism by which a single thermodynamic phase spontaneously separates into two phases (without nucleation). Decomposition occurs when there is no thermodynamic barrier to phase separation. As a result, phase separation via decomposition does not require the nucleation events resulting from thermodynamic fluctuations, which normally trigger phase separation. Spinodal decomposition is observed when mixtures of metals or polymers separate into two co-existing phases, each rich in one species and poor in the other.
Spinodal
In thermodynamics, the limit of local stability with respect to small fluctuations is clearly defined by the condition that the second derivative of Gibbs free energy is zero. The locus of these points (the inflection point within a G-x or G-c curve, Gibbs free energy as a function of composition) is known as the spinodal curve. For compositions within this curve, infinitesimally small fluctuations in composition and density will lead to phase separation via spinodal decomposition.
Binodal
In thermodynamics, the binodal, also known as the coexistence curve or binodal curve, denotes the condition at which two distinct phases may coexist. Equivalently, it is the boundary between the set of conditions in which it is thermodynamically favorable for the system to be fully mixed and the set of conditions in which it is thermodynamically favorable for it to phase separate. In general, the binodal is defined by the condition at which the chemical potential of all solution components is equal in each phase.
Dioxyde de carbone supercritique
thumb|Diagramme de phases pression-température du dioxyde de carbone. Le dioxyde de carbone supercritique est un état fluide du dioxyde de carbone () obtenu lorsqu'il est maintenu au-dessus de ses température et pression critiques respectivement et . Le dioxyde de carbone est à l'état gazeux dans l'atmosphère terrestre dans les conditions normales de température et de pression (CNTP) ou à l'état solide appelé neige carbonique quand il est gelé.