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Concept
Smart system
Résumé
Smart systems incorporate functions of sensing, actuation, and control in order to describe and analyze a situation, and make decisions based on the available data in a predictive or adaptive manner, thereby performing smart actions. In most cases the “smartness” of the system can be attributed to autonomous operation based on closed loop control, energy efficiency, and networking capabilities.
Smart systems typically consist of diverse components:
Sensors for signal acquisition
Elements transmitting the information to the command-and-control unit
Command-and-control units that take decisions and give instructions based on the available information
Components transmitting decisions and instructions
Actuators that perform or trigger the required action
A lot of smart systems evolved from microsystems. They combine technologies and components from microsystems technology (miniaturized electric, mechanical, optical, and fluidic devices) with other disciplines like biology, chemistry, nanoscience, or cognitive sciences.
There are three generations of smart systems:
First-generation smart systems: object recognition devices, driver status monitoring, and multifunctional devices for minimally invasive surgery
Second-generation smart systems: active miniaturized artificial organs like cochlear implants or artificial pancreas, advanced energy management systems, and environmental sensor networks
Third-generation smart systems: combine technical “intelligence” and cognitive functions so that they can provide an interface between the virtual and the physical world
A major challenge in smart systems technology is the integration of a multitude of diverse components, developed and produced in very different technologies and materials. Focus is on the design and manufacturing of completely new marketable products and services for specialized applications (e.g., in medical technologies), and for mass market applications (e.g., in the automotive industries).
Source officielle
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