Third normal form (3NF) is a database schema design approach for relational databases which uses normalizing principles to reduce the duplication of data, avoid data anomalies, ensure referential integrity, and simplify data management. It was defined in 1971 by Edgar F. Codd, an English computer scientist who invented the relational model for database management.
A database relation (e.g. a database table) is said to meet third normal form standards if all the attributes (e.g. database columns) are functionally dependent on solely the primary key. Codd defined this as a relation in second normal form where all non-prime attributes depend only on the candidate keys and do not have a transitive dependency on another key.
A hypothetical example of a failure to meet third normal form would be a hospital database having a table of patients which included a column for the telephone number of their doctor. The phone number is dependent on the doctor, rather than the patient, thus would be better stored in a table of doctors. The negative outcome of such a design is that a doctor's number will be duplicated in the database if they have multiple patients, thus increasing both the chance of input error and the cost and risk of updating that number should it change (compared to a third normal form-compliant data model that only stores a doctor's number once on a doctor table).
Codd later realized that 3NF did not eliminate all undesirable data anomalies and developed a stronger version to address this in 1974, known as Boyce–Codd normal form.
The third normal form (3NF) is a normal form used in database normalization. 3NF was originally defined by E. F. Codd in 1971.
Codd's definition states that a table is in 3NF if and only if both of the following conditions hold:
The relation R (table) is in second normal form (2NF).
No non-prime attribute of R is transitively dependent on the primary key.
A non-prime attribute of R is an attribute that does not belong to any candidate key of R.
Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.
Les aménagements hydrauliques sont indispensable pour garantir l'approvisionnement en énergie écophile et renouvelable, de même que l'approvisionnement en eau de bonne qualité et en quantité suffisant
This course covers the statistical physics approach to computer science problems ranging from graph theory and constraint satisfaction to inference and machine learning. In particular the replica and
Third normal form (3NF) is a database schema design approach for relational databases which uses normalizing principles to reduce the duplication of data, avoid data anomalies, ensure referential integrity, and simplify data management. It was defined in 1971 by Edgar F. Codd, an English computer scientist who invented the relational model for database management. A database relation (e.g. a database table) is said to meet third normal form standards if all the attributes (e.g.
En théorie des bases de données relationnelles, une dépendance fonctionnelle est une contrainte entre deux ensembles d'attributs dans une relation (table) d'une base de données. Dans une relation R, on dit qu'il y a dépendance fonctionnelle entre un ensemble d'attributs A et un ensemble d'attributs B, ou que l'ensemble A d'attributs détermine l'ensemble B d'attributs (et on écrit A→B) si quand deux n-uplets coïncident sur leurs attributs A, alors ils coïncident aussi sur leurs attributs B.
Denormalization is a strategy used on a previously-normalized database to increase performance. In computing, denormalization is the process of trying to improve the read performance of a database, at the expense of losing some write performance, by adding redundant copies of data or by grouping data. It is often motivated by performance or scalability in relational database software needing to carry out very large numbers of read operations.
Couvre le concept d'héritage multiple en C++, en se concentrant sur la définition de concepts indépendants dans les classes et en les utilisant pour créer des classes plus complexes.
Explore le dimensionnement des réservoirs et des barrages en utilisant des courbes d'écoulement cumulatives et le dimensionnement des réservoirs pour les périodes sèches et pluvieuses.
Explore la conception et l'exploitation des réservoirs et des barrages, en mettant l'accent sur la plate-forme de construction hydraulique Manso & De Cesare.