School corporal punishment is the deliberate infliction of physical pain as a response to undesired behavior by students. The term corporal punishment derives from the Latin word for the "body", corpus. In schools it may involve striking the student on the buttocks or on the palms of their hands with an implement such as a rattan cane, wooden paddle, slipper, leather strap or wooden yardstick. Less commonly, it could also include spanking or smacking the student with an open hand, especially at the kindergarten, primary school, or other more junior levels.
Much of the traditional culture that surrounds corporal punishment in school, at any rate in the English-speaking world, derives largely from British practice in the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly as regards the caning of teenage boys. There is a vast amount of literature on this, in both popular and serious culture.
In the English-speaking world, the use of corporal punishment in schools has historically been justified by the common-law doctrine in loco parentis, whereby teachers are considered authority figures granted the same rights as parents to discipline and punish children in their care if they do not adhere to the set rules. A similar justification exists in Chinese-speaking countries. It lets school officials stand in for parents as comparable authority figures. The doctrine has its origins in an English common-law precedent of 1770.
Advocates of school corporal punishment argue that it provides an immediate response to indiscipline so that the student is quickly back in the classroom learning, unlike suspension from school. Opponents, including many medical and psychological societies, along with human-rights groups, argue that physical punishment is ineffective in the long term, interferes with learning, leads to antisocial behavior as well as causing low self-esteem and other forms of mental distress, and is a form of violence that breaches the rights of children.
Poland was the first nation to outlaw corporal punishment in schools in 1783.
Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.
Physical or corporal punishment by a parent or other legal guardian is any act causing deliberate physical pain or discomfort to a minor child in response to some undesired behavior. It typically takes the form of spanking or slapping the child with an open hand or striking with an implement such as a belt, slipper, cane, hairbrush or paddle, whip, hanger, and can also include shaking, pinching, forced ingestion of substances, or forcing children to stay in uncomfortable positions.
À Singapour, les coups de canne sont un châtiment corporel légal couramment utilisé. Ils peuvent être utilisés dans divers contextes : judiciaire, militaire, domestique, à l'école et dans l'éducation des enfants. Le châtiment corporel judiciaire à coups de canne, pour lequel Singapour est très connu, est la forme plus sévère de cette punition. Il est réservé pour les criminels masculins de moins de cinquante ans, pour un grand nombre d'infractions au code pénal de Singapour, y compris pour des délits considérés comme mineurs dans nombre de pays industrialisés.
Les fesses (du bas latin fissa : fente, fissure) sont les deux masses charnues situées à la partie postérieure du bassin, chez l’être humain et certains primates. Elles sont une partie majeure de la région glutéale. Les deux fesses sont séparées par le pli interfessier, lequel se termine en bas vers l'anus. Les fesses sont un des traits morphologiques caractéristiques des bipèdes en général, et des humains en particulier : en effet, c'est la station debout qui fait que les muscles postéro-supérieurs de la cuisse prennent ce rebond caractéristique ; dans le cas des autres animaux, les muscles fessiers sont effacés par l'angle formé entre la cuisse et le dos.
Serotonin's function in the brain is unclear. One challenge in testing the numerous hypotheses about serotonin's function has been observing the activity of identified serotonergic neurons in animals engaged in behavioral tasks. We recorded the activity of ...
We study optimal securitization in the presence of an initial moral hazard. A financial intermediary creates and then sells to outside investors defaultable assets, whose default risk is determined by the unobservable costly effort exerted by the intermedi ...