Médecins sans frontières

Résumé

Médecins sans frontières (MSF) est une organisation non gouvernementale (ONG) médicale humanitaire internationale d'origine française fondée en 1971 à Paris. Elle porte assistance à des populations dont la vie ou la santé sont menacées, en cas de conflits armés, d'épidémies, de pandémies, de catastrophes naturelles ou d'exclusion des soins. Son Bureau international siège à Genève (Suisse). En 2019, l’ONG était active dans plus de 70 pays avec plus de sur le terrain. Elle a reçu le prix Nobel de la paix en 1999. Histoire Les origines Au cours de la guerre civile nigériane de 1967 à 1970, l'armée nigériane avait formé un blocus autour de la région sud-est nouvellement indépendante du pays, le Biafra. À cette époque, la France était l'un des seuls pays à soutenir les Biafrais (le Royaume-Uni, l'Union soviétique et les États-Unis se rangeaient du côté du gouvernement nigérian), et les conditions du blocus étaient inconnues du monde. Un certain nombre de médecins fra

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_sans_fronti%C3%A8res

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Social media (SM) platforms have demonstrated their ability to facilitate knowledge sharing on the global scale. They are increasingly often employed in educational and humanitarian domains where, despite their general benefits, they expose challenges peculiar to these domains. Specifically, the research context of this thesis is directed by my participation in the Go-Lab European project and my collaboration with Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) where SM platforms were used extensively. In this thesis, we address four challenges regarding analytics, privacy, discovery, and delivery, aiming to answer corresponding four research questions. How to provide user-oriented analytics in knowledge sharing systems to support awareness and reflection? What privacy management interfaces and mechanisms are suitable for knowledge analytics and learning analytics? How to enable discovery of knowledge relevant to user interests? How to facilitate knowledge delivery into settings where Internet connectivity is limited or absent? Henceforward, we provide an overview of our results. Analytics. To enable awareness and reflection for an SM platform users, we propose the embedded contextual analytics model where the analytics is embedded into the interaction context and presents information relevant to that particular context. Also, we propose two general architectures materializing this model respectfully based on real-time analytical applications and a scalable analytic back-end. Using these architectures, we provided analytics services to the SM platform users. We conducted an evaluation with the users demonstrating that embedded contextual analytics was useful to support their awareness and reflection. Privacy. To address the privacy concerns associated with the recording, storage, and analysis of user interaction traces, we propose a novel agent-based privacy management model. Our proposal uses a metaphor of physical presence of a tracking agent in an interaction context making the platform user aware of the tracking and allows to manage the tracking policy in a way similar to the physical world. We have implemented the proposed privacy interface in an SM platform and obtained positive evaluation results with the users. Discovery. Due to a large number of content items stored in SM platforms, it can be challenging for the users to find relevant knowledge. Addressing this challenge, we propose an interactive recommender system based on user interests enabling discovery of relevant content and people. We have implemented the proposed recommender in an SM platform and conducted two evaluations with platform users. The evaluations demonstrated the ability of the approach to identify relevant user interests and to recommend relevant content. Delivery. At the moment of writing in 2016, near half of the world's population still does not have reliable Internet access. Often, the places where humanitarian action is needed have limited Internet connection. We propose a novel knowledge delivery model that relies on a peer-to-peer middleware and uses low-cost computers for local knowledge replication. We have developed a system implementing the model and evaluated it during eight deployments in MSF missions. The evaluation demonstrated its knowledge delivery abilities and its usefulness for the field staff.

EPFL2017

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Interacting with knowledge in a timely fashion is critical for the success of humanitarian missions. At the same time, the places where humanitarian action is needed are often those where Internet connection is poor or not available at all, making digital knowledge access di cult. In this paper, we propose a novel knowl- edge delivery model that relies on a peer-to-peer middleware and uses low-cost computers for local knowledge replication. We have developed a system implementing the model and evaluated it during eight deployments in Médecins Sans Frontières missions. The evaluation demonstrated knowledge delivery abilities of the system and its usefulness for the eld sta .

ACM2017

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Timely access to critical information is crucial for any organization operating in situations of emergency. Deploying an adequate information system tailored to specific organizational needs and matched to the organizational structure is essential. To understand the knowledge management needs of Medecins Sans Frontieres, one of the leading NGOs in the humanitarian and medical fields, we conducted in total 145 hours of in-depth interviews. This paper presents three identified key requirements for an effective knowledge management system specifically designed for large distributed NGOs, like MSF. Additionally, we introduce a novel social media called Graspeo designed and built from ground up to fulfill these requirements.

2015

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EPFL2017