Concept
Moelle allongée
Concepts associés (38)
Medullary pyramids (brainstem)
In neuroanatomy, the medullary pyramids are paired white matter structures of the brainstem's medulla oblongata that contain motor fibers of the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts – known together as the pyramidal tracts. The lower limit of the pyramids is marked when the fibers cross (decussate). The ventral portion of the medulla oblongata contains the medullary pyramids. These two ridge-like structures travel along the length of the medulla oblongata and are bordered medially by the anterior median fissure.
Décussation
Une décussation est, en médecine, un croisement en forme de X. Plus particulièrement, ce terme désigne le passage à travers le plan médian des fibres nerveuses connectant un hémisphère cérébral à la moitié controlatérale du corps. Le cerveau envoie des commandes et reçoit des informations de la moitié opposée du corps. Par exemple, le cortex moteur gauche commande les muscles de l'hémicorps droit tandis que le cortex visuel droit traite les informations visuelles qui se trouvent dans la moitié gauche de notre champ de vision.
Pharyngeal reflex
The pharyngeal reflex or gag reflex is a reflex muscular contraction of the back of the throat, evoked by touching the roof of the mouth, back of the tongue, area around the tonsils, uvula, and back of the throat. It, along with other aerodigestive reflexes such as reflexive pharyngeal swallowing, prevents objects in the oral cavity from entering the throat except as part of normal swallowing and helps prevent choking, and is a form of coughing. The pharyngeal reflex is different from the laryngeal spasm, which is a reflex muscular contraction of the vocal cords.
Corticobulbar tract
In neuroanatomy, the corticobulbar (or corticonuclear) tract is a two-neuron white matter motor pathway connecting the motor cortex in the cerebral cortex to the medullary pyramids, which are part of the brainstem's medulla oblongata (also called "bulbar") region, and are primarily involved in carrying the motor function of the non-oculomotor cranial nerves. The corticobulbar tract is one of the pyramidal tracts, the other being the corticospinal tract.
Area postrema
The area postrema, a paired structure in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem, is a circumventricular organ having permeable capillaries and sensory neurons that enable its dual role to detect circulating chemical messengers in the blood and transduce them into neural signals and networks. Its position adjacent to the bilateral nuclei of the solitary tract and role as a sensory transducer allow it to integrate blood-to-brain autonomic functions.
Noyau ambigu
vignette|Noyaux du tronc cérébral Le noyau ambigu est le noyau commun des fibres efférentes des nerfs glossopharyngien (IX) et vague (X). De forme allongée, il est histologiquement non homogène. Il se situe bilatéralement dans la formation réticulée de la moelle allongée rostrale, postérieur au complexe nucléaire olivaire inférieur. La partie supérieure du noyau contient les corps cellulaires des neurones somatomoteurs du nerf glossopharyngien, la partie médiane, ceux des neurones somatomoteurs du nerf vague, et la partie inférieure ceux des neurones de la partie crânienne du nerf accessoire.
Spinocerebellar tract
The spinocerebellar tract is a nerve tract originating in the spinal cord and terminating in the same side (ipsilateral) of the cerebellum. Proprioceptive information is obtained by Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles. Golgi tendon organs consist of a fibrous capsule enclosing tendon fascicles and bare nerve endings that respond to tension in the tendon by causing action potentials in type Ib afferents. These fibers are relatively large, myelinated, and quickly conducting.
Sensory decussation
In neuroanatomy, the sensory decussation or decussation of the lemnisci is a decussation (i.e. crossover) of axons from the gracile nucleus and cuneate nucleus, which are responsible for fine touch, vibration, proprioception and two-point discrimination of the body. The fibres of this decussation are called the internal arcuate fibres and are found at the superior aspect of the closed medulla superior to the motor decussation. It is part of the second neuron in the posterior column–medial lemniscus pathway.