Value (semiotics)In semiotics, the value of a sign depends on its position and relations in the system of signification and upon the particular codes being used. Value is the sign as it is determined by the other signs in a semiotic system. For linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, for example, the content of a sign in linguistics is ultimately determined and delimited not by its internal content, but by what surrounds it: the synonyms redouter ("to dread"), craindre ("to fear"), and avoir peur ("to be afraid") have their particular values because they exist in opposition to one another.
Modality (semiotics)In semiotics, a modality is a particular way in which information is to be encoded for presentation to humans, i.e. to the type of sign and to the status of reality ascribed to or claimed by a sign, text, or genre. It is more closely associated with the semiotics of Charles Peirce (1839–1914) than Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913) because meaning is conceived as an effect of a set of signs.
Encoding (semiotics)Encoding, in semiotics, is the process of creating a message for transmission by an addresser to an addressee. The complementary process interpreting a message received from an addresser is called decoding. The process of message exchanges, or semiosis, is a key characteristic of human life depending on rule-governed and learned codes that, for the most part, unconsciously guide the communication of meaning between individuals.
Denotation (semiotics)In semiotics, denotation is the surface or the literal meaning, the definition most likely to appear in a dictionary. Drawing from the original word or definition proposed by Saussure (1857-1913), a sign has two parts: as a signifier, i.e. it will have a form that a person can see, touch, smell, and/or hear, and as the signified, i.e. it will represent an idea or mental construct of a thing rather than the thing itself. To transmit information, both the addresser and the addressee must use the same code, whether in the literal sense, e.
Connotation (semiotics)This word has distinct meanings in logic, philosophy, and common usage. See connotation. In semiotics, connotation arises when the denotative relationship between a signifier and its signified is inadequate to serve the needs of the community. A second level of meanings is termed connotative. These meanings are not objective representations of the thing, but new usages produced by the language group. Drawing from the original definition proposed by Saussure (1857–1913), a sign has two parts: as a signifier, i.
Decoding (semiotics)Decoding, in semiotics, is the process of interpreting a message sent by an addresser (sender) to an addressee (receiver). The complementary process creating a message for transmission to an addressee is called encoding. All communication depends on the use of codes. More traditional communication models always include three main elements: a sender, a transmitter, and a receiver (Fawkes 21). The sender is responsible for “encoding” (i.e., selecting information) their message and putting it through a transmitter (i.
Sens propre et sens figuréLe sens propre d'un mot est son sens premier. Les sens figurés d'un mot sont les sens qui en dérivent. En général, le sens propre renvoie au sens concret. Ainsi le mot « cochon » est une façon particulière de désigner un porc domestique. Les sens figurés sont souvent des sens analogiques ou imagés. Le mot « cochon » peut ainsi renvoyer à une personne qui se comporte de manière peu soigneuse. L'opposition entre sens propre et sens figuré relève de la polysémie qui veut qu'un même mot recouvre généralement plusieurs sens apparentés néanmoins différents.
SémioseLa sémiose désigne la signification en fonction du contexte. C'est une notion de sémiologie. Pour l'imager, le signe « lever le doigt » peut signifier : Je voudrais la parole s'il est employé dans une salle de classe ; mais aussi Arrêtez-vous s'il est utilisé à un arrêt de bus. Ce même signe a plusieurs sémioses c'est-à-dire qu'il appartient à plusieurs ensembles « signe-contexte-signification ». On peut donc noter que dans la mesure où la signification et le contexte sont un ensemble d'autres signes, la sémiose peut être simplement définie comme un ensemble de signes indissociables.
Meaning (semiotics)In semiotics, the study of sign processes (semiosis), the meaning of a sign is its place in a sign relation, in other words, the set of roles that the sign occupies within a given sign relation. This statement holds whether sign is taken to mean a sign type or a sign token. Defined in these global terms, the meaning of a sign is not in general analyzable with full exactness into completely localized terms, but aspects of its meaning can be given approximate analyses, and special cases of sign relations frequently admit of more local analyses.
SémiotiqueLa sémiotique (également appelée études sémiotiques) est l'étude systématique des processus de signes (sémiosis ou sémiose) et de la fabrication du sens. La sémiose est toute activité, conduite ou processus qui implique des signes, où un signe est défini comme tout ce qui communique quelque chose, généralement appelé un sens, à l'interprète du signe. La signification peut être intentionnelle, comme un mot prononcé avec une signification spécifique, ou non intentionnelle, comme un symptôme étant le signe d'une condition médicale particulière.
