Code (semiotics)In semiotics, a code is a set of cultural conventions, contemporary sub-codes, and themes used to communicate meaning. The most common is one's spoken language, but the term can also be used to refer to any narrative form: consider the color scheme of an image (e.g. red for danger), or the rules of a board game (e.g. the military signifiers in chess). Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913) emphasised that signs only acquire meaning and value when they are interpreted in relation to each other.
Decoding (semiotics)Decoding, in semiotics, is the process of interpreting a message sent by an addresser (sender) to an addressee (receiver). The complementary process creating a message for transmission to an addressee is called encoding. All communication depends on the use of codes. More traditional communication models always include three main elements: a sender, a transmitter, and a receiver (Fawkes 21). The sender is responsible for “encoding” (i.e., selecting information) their message and putting it through a transmitter (i.
Value (semiotics)In semiotics, the value of a sign depends on its position and relations in the system of signification and upon the particular codes being used. Value is the sign as it is determined by the other signs in a semiotic system. For linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, for example, the content of a sign in linguistics is ultimately determined and delimited not by its internal content, but by what surrounds it: the synonyms redouter ("to dread"), craindre ("to fear"), and avoir peur ("to be afraid") have their particular values because they exist in opposition to one another.
Denotation (semiotics)In semiotics, denotation is the surface or the literal meaning, the definition most likely to appear in a dictionary. Drawing from the original word or definition proposed by Saussure (1857-1913), a sign has two parts: as a signifier, i.e. it will have a form that a person can see, touch, smell, and/or hear, and as the signified, i.e. it will represent an idea or mental construct of a thing rather than the thing itself. To transmit information, both the addresser and the addressee must use the same code, whether in the literal sense, e.
SémioseLa sémiose désigne la signification en fonction du contexte. C'est une notion de sémiologie. Pour l'imager, le signe « lever le doigt » peut signifier : Je voudrais la parole s'il est employé dans une salle de classe ; mais aussi Arrêtez-vous s'il est utilisé à un arrêt de bus. Ce même signe a plusieurs sémioses c'est-à-dire qu'il appartient à plusieurs ensembles « signe-contexte-signification ». On peut donc noter que dans la mesure où la signification et le contexte sont un ensemble d'autres signes, la sémiose peut être simplement définie comme un ensemble de signes indissociables.
SémiotiqueLa sémiotique (également appelée études sémiotiques) est l'étude systématique des processus de signes (sémiosis ou sémiose) et de la fabrication du sens. La sémiose est toute activité, conduite ou processus qui implique des signes, où un signe est défini comme tout ce qui communique quelque chose, généralement appelé un sens, à l'interprète du signe. La signification peut être intentionnelle, comme un mot prononcé avec une signification spécifique, ou non intentionnelle, comme un symptôme étant le signe d'une condition médicale particulière.
