Cannabinoïde | EPFL Graph Search

Les cannabinoïdes sont un groupe de substances chimiques qui activent les présents dans le corps humain et chez les mammifères. Le premier cannabinoïde isolé fut le tétrahydrocannabinol, puis le cannabidiol et les autres cannabinoïdes. Ces découvertes ont été initiées et effectuées dans les années 1960 par le Pr. Raphael Mechoulam, chercheur israélien. Il existe environ 100 différents cannabinoïdes présents dans la plante de cannabis et des chercheurs dans le monde entier étudient actuellement leurs potentiels effets thérapeutiques et leurs mécanismes de fonctionnement dans le corps humain. Il existe trois types de cannabinoïdes :

les cannabinoïdes végétaux (phytocannabinoïdes), présents dans les Cannabis sp. ou produits de la dégradation du tétrahydrocannabinol ;
les cannabinoïdes endogènes (endocannabinoïdes) sécrétés par certains organismes animaux ;
les cannabinoïdes synthétiques, élaborés en laboratoire.

Cannabinoïdes végétaux (phytocannabinoïdes) En opposit

Quantification of THC in Cannabis plants by fast-HPLC-DAD: A promising method for routine analyses

Céline Burnier, Christophe Roussel

Nowadays, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is mainly used in forensic sciences but suffers from limitations when the analysed compounds are thermally instable as it is the case for THC-A (Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid) which is converted into Delta(9)-THC (Delta(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol) that subsequently partially degrades. We propose herein a Fast High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (Fast-HPLC-DAD) method which allows the efficient separation of CBN (Cannabinol), CBD (Cannabidiol), THC-A and Delta(9)-THC, the major cannabinoids compounds found in cannabis plants in less than 5 min. Our method allows also the proper quantification of Delta(9)-THC in plant extracts using an external calibration method with a very good accuracy as pointed out by a recovery of 100.53 +/- 3.12%. It is also an interesting low cost alternative to Ultra High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) for routine analyses in forensic sciences.

ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV2019

Treatment with CB2 Agonist JWH-133 Reduces Histological Features Associated with Erectile Dysfunction in Hypercholesterolemic Mice

Younouss Faye, Rafaela Fernandes Da Silva, Nikolaos Stergiopulos

Hypercholesterolemia is one of the most important risk factors for erectile dysfunction, mostly due to the impairment of oxidative stress and endothelial function in the penis. The cannabinoid system might regulate peripheral mechanisms of sexual function; however, its role is still poorly understood. We investigated the effects of CB2 activation on oxidative stress and fibrosis within the corpus cavernosum of hypercholesterolemic mice. Apolipoprotein- E-knockout mice were fed with a western-type diet for 11 weeks and treated with JWH-133 ( selective CB2 agonist) or vehicle during the last 3 weeks. CB2 receptor expression, total collagen content, and reactive oxygen species ( ROS) production within the penis were assessed. In vitro corpus cavernosum strips preparation was performed to evaluate the nitric oxide ( NO) bioavailability. CB2 protein expression was shown incavernosal endothelial and smooth muscle cells of wild type and hypercholesterolemic mice. Treatment with JWH-133 reduced ROS production and NADPH-oxidase expression in hypercholesterolemic mice penis. Furthermore, JWH-133 increased endothelial NO synthase expression in the corpus cavernosum and augmented NO bioavailability. The decrease in oxidative stress levels was accompanied with a reduction in corpus cavernosum collagen content. In summary, CB2 activation decreased histological features, which were associated with erectile dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic mice.

Hindawi Publishing Corporation2013

Treatment with the GPR55 antagonist CID16020046 increases neutrophil activation in mouse atherogenesis

Nikolaos Stergiopulos

Endocannabinoids modulate atherogenesis by triggering different receptors. Recently, orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) were suggested to be activated by endocannabinoids, possibly regulating vasorelaxation. Here, we investigated whether GPR55 antagonism with CID16020046 would impact on atherosclerotic size and inflammation in two mouse models of early and more advanced atherogenesis. Eleven-week old ApoE(-/-) mice were fed either a normal diet ([ND] for 16 weeks) or a high-cholesterol diet ([HD] for 11 weeks), resulting in different degrees of hypercholesterolaemia and size of atherosclerosis. CID16020046 (0.5 mg/kg) or vehicle were intraperitoneally administrated five times per week in the last three weeks before euthanasia. Treatment with CID1602004 was well-tolerated, but failed to affect atherosclerotic plaque and necrotic core size, fibrous cap thickness, macrophage and smooth muscle cell content as well as Th cell polarisation. In ND mice, treatment with CID1602004 was associated with increased chemokine production, neutrophil and MMP-9 in-traplaque content as well as reduced collagen as compared to vehicle-treated animals. In HD mice, CID1602004 increased intraplaque MMP-9 and abrogated collagen content without affecting neutrophils. In vitro, serum from CID1602004-treated ND mice increased mouse neutrophil chemotaxis towards CXCL2 as compared to serum from vehicle-treated animals. CID1602004 dose-dependently induced neutrophil degranulation that was reverted by co-incubation with the GPR55 agonist Abn-CBD. In supernatants from degranulation experiments, increased levels of the endocannabinoid and putative GPR55 ligand anandamide (AEA) were found, suggesting its possible autocrine control of neutrophil activity. These results indicate that GPR55 is critical for the negative control of neutrophil activation in different phases of atherogenesis.

Schattauer Gmbh-Verlag Medizin Naturwissenschaften2016

Treatment with the GPR55 antagonist CID16020046 increases neutrophil activation in mouse atherogenesis

Nikolaos Stergiopulos

Schattauer Gmbh-Verlag Medizin Naturwissenschaften2016