Tautological bundleIn mathematics, the tautological bundle is a vector bundle occurring over a Grassmannian in a natural tautological way: for a Grassmannian of -dimensional subspaces of , given a point in the Grassmannian corresponding to a -dimensional vector subspace , the fiber over is the subspace itself. In the case of projective space the tautological bundle is known as the tautological line bundle. The tautological bundle is also called the universal bundle since any vector bundle (over a compact space) is a pullback of the tautological bundle; this is to say a Grassmannian is a classifying space for vector bundles.
Algebraic geometry of projective spacesThe concept of a Projective space plays a central role in algebraic geometry. This article aims to define the notion in terms of abstract algebraic geometry and to describe some basic uses of projective spaces. Let k be an algebraically closed field, and V be a finite-dimensional vector space over k. The symmetric algebra of the dual vector space V* is called the polynomial ring on V and denoted by k[V]. It is a naturally graded algebra by the degree of polynomials.
Complex projective spaceIn mathematics, complex projective space is the projective space with respect to the field of complex numbers. By analogy, whereas the points of a real projective space label the lines through the origin of a real Euclidean space, the points of a complex projective space label the complex lines through the origin of a complex Euclidean space (see below for an intuitive account). Formally, a complex projective space is the space of complex lines through the origin of an (n+1)-dimensional complex vector space.
Diviseur (géométrie algébrique)En mathématiques, plus précisément en géométrie algébrique, les diviseurs sont une généralisation des sous-variétés de codimension 1 de variétés algébriques ; deux généralisations différentes sont d'un usage commun : les diviseurs de Weil et les diviseurs de Cartier. Les deux concepts coïncident dans les cas des variétés non singulières. En géométrie algébrique, comme en géométrie analytique complexe, ou en géométrie arithmétique, les diviseurs forment un groupe qui permet de saisir la nature d'un schéma (une variété algébrique, une surface de Riemann, un anneau de Dedekind.
Classe de ChernEn mathématiques, les classes de Chern sont des classes caractéristiques associées aux fibrés vectoriels. Elles tiennent leur nom du mathématicien sino-américain Shiing-Shen Chern, qui les a introduites en 1946 dans le cas complexe. Les classes de Chern ont des applications importantes en mathématiques, notamment en topologie et géométrie algébriques, et en physique dans l'étude des théories de Yang-Mills et des champs quantiques. Distinguer deux fibrés vectoriels sur une variété lisse est en général un problème difficile.
Ample line bundleIn mathematics, a distinctive feature of algebraic geometry is that some line bundles on a projective variety can be considered "positive", while others are "negative" (or a mixture of the two). The most important notion of positivity is that of an ample line bundle, although there are several related classes of line bundles. Roughly speaking, positivity properties of a line bundle are related to having many global sections. Understanding the ample line bundles on a given variety X amounts to understanding the different ways of mapping X into projective space.
Coherent sheafIn mathematics, especially in algebraic geometry and the theory of complex manifolds, coherent sheaves are a class of sheaves closely linked to the geometric properties of the underlying space. The definition of coherent sheaves is made with reference to a sheaf of rings that codifies this geometric information. Coherent sheaves can be seen as a generalization of vector bundles. Unlike vector bundles, they form an , and so they are closed under operations such as taking , , and cokernels.
