Divergence (linguistics)Divergence in linguistics refers to one of the five principles by which grammaticalization can be detected while it is taking place. The other four are: layering, specialisation, persistence, and de-categorialisation. Divergence names a state of affairs subsequent to some change, namely the result of the process called “split” by Heine and Reh. “When a lexical form undergoes grammaticalization to a clitic or affix, the original form may remain as an autonomous lexical element and undergo the same changes as ordinary lexical items.
Specialization (linguistics)In linguistics, the term specialization (as defined by Paul Hopper), refers to one of the five principles by which grammaticalization can be detected while it is taking place. The other four principles are: layering, divergence, persistence, and de-categorialization. Specialization refers to the narrowing of choices that characterizes an emergent grammatical construction. The lexical meaning of a grammaticalizing feature decreases in scope, so that in time the feature conveys a generalized grammatical meaning.
De-categorializationDe-categorialization (or de-categorialisation) in linguistics refers to one of the five principles by which grammaticalization can be detected while it is taking place (according to Paul Hopper). The other four are layering, divergence, specialization, and persistence. De-categorialization can be described as the loss of morphosyntactic properties.
GrammaticalisationLe terme grammaticalisation désigne, dans l'évolution d'une langue à une autre ou dans l'histoire d'une langue déjà formée, un changement linguistique consistant en la transformation d'une entité autonome, le plus souvent un mot à sens lexical, en morphème grammatical. La grammaticalisation est un processus graduel et de longue durée, se manifestant par plusieurs phénomènes.
