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The innate immune system senses nucleic acids by germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors. RNA is sensed by Toll-like receptor members TLR3, TLR7 and TLR8, or by the RNA helicases RIG-I (also known as DDX58) and MDA-5 (IFIH1). Little is known about s ...
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a small non-enveloped virus and as a member of the parvovirus family, it contains a single stranded DNA genome. AAV's life cycle in vitro is strongly dependent not only on cellular factors but also on helper functions provid ...
Following an abrupt transition at birth from the sterile uterus to an environment with abundant commensal and pathogenic microbes, neonatal mammals are protected by maternal Abs at mucosal surfaces. We show in mice that different Ab isotypes work in distin ...
A quantitative algorithm was developed and applied to predict target genes of microRNAs encoded by herpesviruses. Although there is almost no conservation among microRNAs of different herpesvirus subfamilies, a common pattern of regulation emerged. The alg ...
Upon detection of viral RNA, the helicases RIG-I and/or MDA5 trigger, via their adaptor Cardif (also known as IPS-1, MAVS, or VISA), the activation of the transcription factors NF-kappaB and IRF3, which collaborate to induce an antiviral type I interferon ...
TRIM5alpha is a restriction factor that limits infection of human cells by so-called N- but not B- or NB-tropic strains of murine leukemia virus (MLV). Here, we performed a mutation-based functional analysis of TRIM5alpha-mediated MLV restriction. Our resu ...
The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy 10 years ago has revolutionized the treatment of HIV infection in industrialized countries. HIV infection has now become a chronic condition, often treatable with low number of pills. Pregnancy and c ...
The water soluble ruthenium-p-cymene complexes Ru(eta(6)-p-cymene)X-2 (X = Cl, Br, I or NCS), [Ru(eta(6)-p-cymene)X-2(pta)] (X=Cl, Br, I, or NCS; pta=1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.1]decane) and the tetraruthenium cluster [H4Ru4(eta(6)-p-benzene ...
HIV-1-infected patients vary considerably by their response to antiretroviral treatment, drug concentrations in plasma, toxic events, and rate of immune recovery. This variability could have a genetic basis. We did a pharmacogenetics study to analyse the a ...
The human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV, respectively) are members of the lentiviridae subgroup of retroviruses that cause a progressive failure of the host immunological functions culminating in the clinical collapse known as AIDS, or a ...