Rhinorrhea, rhinorrhoea, or informally runny nose is the free discharge of a thin mucus fluid from the nose; it is a common condition. It is a common symptom of allergies (hay fever) or certain viral infections, such as the common cold or COVID-19. It can be a side effect of crying, exposure to cold temperatures, cocaine abuse, or drug withdrawal, such as from methadone or other opioids. Treatment for rhinorrhea is not usually undertaken, but there are a number of medical treatments and preventive techniques.
The term was coined in 1866 from the Greek rhino- ("of the nose") and -rhoia ("discharge" or "flow").
Rhinorrhea is characterized by an excess amount of mucus produced by the mucous membranes that line the nasal cavities. The membranes create mucus faster than it can be processed, causing a backup of mucus in the nasal cavities. As the cavity fills up, it blocks off the air passageway, causing difficulty breathing through the nose. Air caught in nasal cavities, namely the sinus cavities, cannot be released and the resulting pressure may cause a headache or facial pain. If the sinus passage remains blocked, there is a chance that sinusitis may result. If the mucus backs up through the Eustachian tube, it may result in ear pain or an ear infection. Excess mucus accumulating in the throat or back of the nose may cause a post-nasal drip, resulting in a sore throat or coughing. Additional symptoms include sneezing, nosebleeds, and nasal discharge.
The Mayo Clinic says that a runny nose can be caused by anything that irritates or inflames the nasal tissues, including infections such as the common cold and influenza, and allergies and various irritants. Some people have a chronically runny nose for no apparent reason (non-allergic rhinitis or vasomotor rhinitis). Less common causes include polyps, a foreign body, a tumor or migraine-like headaches.
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La grippe (ou influenza) est une maladie infectieuse fréquente et contagieuse causée par certains virus à ARN de la famille des orthomyxoviridés : le virus de la grippe A, le virus de la grippe B, le virus de la grippe C et le virus de la grippe D. Elle touche les oiseaux et certains mammifères dont le porc, le phoque et l'être humain. Favorisée par la promiscuité et le confinement à l'intérieur des bâtiments, la grippe humaine sévit ainsi sur un mode épidémique, saisonnier automno-hivernal (saison froide) dans les pays tempérés et avec un pic lors de la saison des pluies (saison chaude) dans les pays tropicaux.
A decongestant, or nasal decongestant, is a type of pharmaceutical drug that is used to relieve nasal congestion in the upper respiratory tract. The active ingredient in most decongestants is either pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine (the latter of which has disputed effectiveness). Intranasal corticosteroids can also be used as decongestants and antihistamines can be used to alleviate runny nose, nasal itch, and sneezing. Topical decongestants on topical application as dilute solution (0.05–0.
thumb|upright= 1.3|Expulsions de gouttelettes respiratoires lors d'un éternuement. L'éternuement est une expiration brusque et bruyante, semi-autonome ou involontaire (réflexe au niveau cortical) par le nez et la bouche, provoquée par un mouvement subit et convulsif des muscles expirateurs (notamment les muscles intercostaux) en raison d'une irritation des muqueuses nasales ou de leur mise en contact avec un corps étranger. Le site du dictionnaire Larousse définit l'éternuement comme une .
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