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Concept
Processus collaboratif pair à pair
Résumé
Social peer-to-peer processes are interactions with a peer-to-peer dynamic. These peers can be humans or computers. Peer-to-peer (P2P) is a term that originated from the popular concept of the P2P distributed computer application architecture which partitions tasks or workloads between peers. This application structure was popularized by systems like Napster, the first of its kind in the late 1990s.
The concept has inspired new structures and philosophies in many areas of human interaction. P2P human dynamic affords a critical look at current authoritarian and centralized social structures. Peer-to-peer is also a political and social program for those who believe that in many cases, peer-to-peer modes are a preferable option.
P2P is a specific form of relational dynamic, based on the assumed equipotency of its participants, organized through the free cooperation of equals in view of the performance of a common task, for the creation of a common good, with forms of decision making and autonomy that are widely distributed throughout the network.
There are several fundamental aspects of social P2P processes:
peer production - the collaborative production of use-value is open to participation and use to the widest possible number (as defined by Yochai Benkler, in his essay Coase's Penguin);
peer governance - production or project is governed by the community of producers themselves, not by market allocation or corporate hierarchy;
peer property - the use-value of property is freely accessible on a universal basis; peer services and products are distributed through new modes of property, which are not exclusive, though recognize individual authorship (i.e. the GNU General Public License or the Creative Commons licenses).
Peer production does not produce commodities for exchange value and does not use the price mechanism or corporate hierarchy to determine the allocation of resources.
Source officielle
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Proximité ontologique
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Promoting synergies for sustainability through peer-to-peer sharing: an analysis of drivers and barriers
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Peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing may foster sustainability synergistically by saving resources, reducing costs and promoting satisfaction of consumer needs and social connectivity. A survey of Swiss and Swedish consumers (N = 1522) was conducted to analyze drive ...
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Concepts associés (8)
Open source
Open source is source code that is made freely available for possible modification and redistribution. Products include permission to use the source code, design documents, or content of the product. The open-source model is a decentralized software development model that encourages open collaboration. A main principle of open-source software development is peer production, with products such as source code, blueprints, and documentation freely available to the public.
Planification économique
La planification économique est un mécanisme d'allocation des ressources qui est en contraste avec les mécanismes du marché. En tant que mécanisme de coordination pour l'économie socialiste, la planification économique se substitue aux facteurs du marché et est définie comme une attribution directe des ressources, en contraste avec le mécanisme de répartition indirecte du marché. Il existe différents types de procédures de planification. Le niveau de centralisation de la prise de décision dans la planification dépend du type spécifique de mécanisme de planification employé.
Production for use
Production for use is a phrase referring to the principle of economic organization and production taken as a defining criterion for a socialist economy. It is held in contrast to production for profit. This criterion is used to distinguish communism from capitalism, and is one of the fundamental defining characteristics of communism. This principle is broad and can refer to an array of different configurations that vary based on the underlying theory of economics employed.