Vibrio

Résumé

Vibrio (en français les Vibrions) est un genre de bacilles Gram négatifs de la famille des Vibrionaceae. Son nom tiré du latin vibro (vibrer, tressaillir, trembler) fait référence à la mobilité extrême et d'allure désordonnée observée chez ces bactéries. C'est le genre type de l'ordre des Vibrionales et de la famille des Vibrionaceae. En 2022 le nombre d'espèces décrites et validement publiées a déjà largement dépassé la centaine. La plus célèbre est aussi l'espèce type, Vibrio cholerae, qui est l'agent responsable de l'infection toxinique grave appelée choléra. D'autres espèces de Vibrio provoquent des atteintes digestives moins sévères à type de gastroentérites. Écologie Habitat Ce sont des bactéries vivant dans l'eau. Beaucoup vivent en saprophytes dans les eaux douces, mais elles sont également communes dans les habitats aquatiques salés (eaux de mer, estuaires, intestins des animaux marins). Leur résistance aux sels marin s'explique par leur halophilie.

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio

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Cours associés (2)

Water resources engineering designs systems to control the quantity, quality, timing, and distribution of water to support human demands and the needs of the environment.

Diversité du monde vivant, rôle et action des Procaryotes dans la biosphère. Fonctionnement biochimique des êtres vivants comprenant les voies métaboliques centrales et les fonctions des biomolécules majeures. Rôle central joué par l'information génétique, des mécanismes évolutifs et de régulation.

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The emergence of Vibrio pathogens in Europe: ecology, evolution, and pathogenesis (Paris, 11–12th March 2015)

Melanie Blokesch, Frédérique Marie Jeanne Le Roux

Global change has caused a worldwide increase in reports of Vibrio-associated diseases with ecosystem-wide impacts on humans and marine animals. In Europe, higher prevalence of human infections followed regional climatic trends with outbreaks occurring during episodes of unusually warm weather. Similar patterns were also observed in Vibrioassociated diseases affecting marine organisms such as fish, bivalves and corals. Basic knowledge is still lacking on the ecology and evolutionary biology of these bacteria as well as on their virulence mechanisms. Current limitations in experimental systems to study infection and the lack of diagnostic tools still prevent a better understanding of Vibrio emergence. A major challenge is to foster cooperation between fundamental and applied research in order to investigate the consequences of pathogen emergence in natural Vibrio populations and answer federative questions that meet societal needs. Here we report the proceedings of the first European workshop dedicated to these specific goals of the Vibrio research community by connecting current knowledge to societal issues related to ocean health and food security.

Frontiers Research Foundation2015

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Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics Linked to Horizontal Gene Transfer in Vibrios

Melanie Blokesch, Frédérique Marie Jeanne Le Roux

Vibrio is a genus of ubiquitous heterotrophic bacteria found in aquatic environments. Although they are a small percentage of the bacteria in these environments, vibrios can predominate during blooms. Vibrios also play important roles in the degradation of polymeric substances, such as chitin, and in other biogeochemical processes. Vibrios can be found as free-living bacteria, attached to particles, or associated with other organisms in a mutualistic, commensal, or pathogenic relationship. This review focuses on vibrio ecology and genome plasticity, which confers an ability to adapt to new niches and is driven, at least in part, by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The extent of HGT and its role in pathogen emergence are discussed based on genomic studies of environmental and pathogenic vibrios, mobile genetically encoded virulence factors, and mechanistic studies on the different modes of HGT.

2018

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Quorum Sensing Contributes to Natural Transformation of Vibrio cholerae in a Species-Specific Manner

Melanie Blokesch, Patrick Martin Seitz, Gaia Francesca Marianne Suckow

Although it is a human pathogen, Vibrio cholerae is a regular member of aquatic habitats, such as coastal regions and estuaries. Within these environments, V. cholerae often takes advantage of the abundance of zooplankton and their chitinous molts as a nutritious surface on which the bacteria can form biofilms. Chitin also induces the developmental program of natural competence for transformation in several species of the genus Vibrio. In this study, we show that V. cholerae does not distinguish between species-specific and non-species-specific DNA at the level of DNA uptake. This is in contrast to what has been shown for other Gram-negative bacteria, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus influenzae. However, species specificity with respect to natural transformation still occurs in V. cholerae. This is based on a positive correlation between quorum sensing and natural transformation. Using mutant-strain analysis, cross-feeding experiments, and synthetic cholera autoinducer-1 (CAI-1), we provide strong evidence that the species-specific signaling molecule CAI-1 plays a major role in natural competence for transformation. We suggest that CAI-1 can be considered a competence pheromone.

American Society for Microbiology2011

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