Empire ottoman

Résumé

LEmpire ottoman (en دولت عليه عثمانیه / devlet-i ʿaliyye-i ʿos̲mâniyye, littéralement « l'État ottoman exalté » ; en Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ou Osmanlı Devleti), connu historiquement en Europe de l'Ouest comme l'Empire turc, la Turquie ottomane ou simplement la Turquie, est un empire fondé à la fin du au nord-ouest de l'Anatolie, dans la commune de Söğüt (actuelle province de Bilecik), par le chef tribal oghouze , fondateur de la dynastie ottomane (ottoman vient de l'arabe ʿuṯmānī ar, dérivé de ʿuṯmān ar, nom arabisé d'Osman). Après 1354, les Ottomans entrèrent en Europe, et, avec la conquête des Balkans, le Beylik ottoman se transforma en un empire transcontinental. Après l'avoir encerclé puis réduit à sa capitale et à quelques lambeaux, les Ottomans mirent fin à l'Empire byzantin en 1453 par la conquête de Constantinople sous le règne du sultan . Aux , à son apogée, sous le règne de , l'Empire ottoman était un empire multinational et multilingue contrôlant une grande partie de l'Eu

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_ottoman

À propos de ce résultat

Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.

Publications associées (3)

Publications associées

Chargement

Personnes associées

Chargement

Unités associées

Chargement

Concepts associés (135)

Concepts associés

Chargement

Cours associés (4)

Cours associés

Chargement

Séances de cours associées (5)

Séances de cours associées

Chargement

Un musée byzantin à Istanbul (Ancien hôtel de la Monnaie, Palais de Topkapi, Istanbul, Turquie)

Sara Adakan

La ville d'Istanbul fut la capitale de l'Empire byzantin du IVe au XVe siècle et témoigne encore de cette époque par divers édifices dont le plus connu est sans doute l'ancienne Eglise de Sainte-Sophie. Aujourd'hui, aucune institution n'est dédiée entièrement à cette période de l'histoire de la ville. Ce projet propose donc un musée byzantin à Istanbul. Le site choisi est l'ancien Hôtel de la Monnaie de l'Empire ottoman, désaffecté et abandonné depuis les années 1960. Ce complexe est composé de divers bâtiments datant du XVIIIe et du XIXe siècles, construits à proximité des églises byzantines de Sainte-Irène et de Sainte-Sophie. Il se trouve à l'intérieur de l'enceinte du palais ottoman de Topkapi, sur la presqu'île historique où fut fondée la ville. Le nouveau programme prend place dans cet ensemble en organisant les diverses fonctions muséales tels que les espaces d'exposition, le centre de recherche, les archives et l'administration. L'intervention se concentre sur l'aire d'entrée principale du site. Elle est composée de ruines ottomanes et d'un jardin dans lesquels s'insert le nouveau bâtiment. Organisé autour d'une cour, ce bâtiment forme le premier lieu d'une suite aménagée dans les parties existantes. Les ruines de l'hospice de Sainte-Irène forment, quant à elles, la partie in situ du musée.

2006

Chargement

Historicist aesthetics of architectural image: Mimesis and memorial in public space

Sila Karatas Basoglu

Turkey has been facing an aesthetic revivalism of Ottoman and Anatolian Seljuk architecture within public space, a phenomenon which is having been observed not only in the construction of new public buildings but also the renovation of historical housing districts as part of the so-called “urban transformation” being implemented by the state-owned institution, TOKİ. Seemingly realized as a result of the neoliberal spatial practices of 'urban transformation' in place through destruction and concomitantly reconstruction, the historicist revivalism within state-owned architectural production in Turkey also metamorphoses the collective public memory by the manipulation of the image of urban public space which is mostly characterized by the aesthetic appearance of Ottoman and the Republican architectural heritage of Turkey. Justified or not by a renowned debate on the conflict between modernity and tradition, today, the aesthetical production of contemporary architecture is defined by suggesting the use of historically negotiated architectural types and elements in newly-built contemporary buildings as a means of 'Ottoman and Anatolian Seljuk aesthetics in favor of tradition.' However, this mimetic reconstruction phenomenon is being realized by the contradiction of the relative notions of context and content since the conflict in between the destruction of the Ottoman and Republican architectural heritage, in company with the reconstruction of replicas of buildings, in reality, affiliated with Ottoman architectural types and aesthetics results in a shift in the spatio-temporal perception of public memory. Characterized by the cumulative aesthetical experience of the architectural production, urban public spaces are internal to the collective memory of the society, the image of which has formed out of the social, economical and political context, and thus of the architectural culture through time. Accordingly, the mimetic expression of the classical ages of the Ottoman Empire in the architectural image of public space, manipulates public memory by reconstructing a new manner of time-space which is identified by only the Islamic culture, and out of the plural identities of spatio-temporal experiences inherited from the late Ottoman and Republican period by negotiation. In this sense, this paper aims a critical study on the historicist transformation of urban spectacle through current architectural practices in Turkey.

2013

Chargement

In this thesis, an original database is constituted, described and exploited in a geohistorical perspective, containing the registration of the population at the local level for the fifteen censuses conducted in Albania between 1918 and 2011. The precision of the spatialization makes possible the diachronic comparability of statistical data in this country marked by numerous territorial-administrative reforms, thus allowing a new look at certain aspects of its history. A detailed description is given of the spatial dynamics and mutations at work beyond the four major systems that have succeeded one another in Albania's modern history : integration into the Ottoman networks ; geopolitical confrontation that saw the disappearance of empires in favour of nation-States ; half a century of communism characterised by its progressive introversion and original territorial development ; and finally the brutal inclusion in the liberal economy that produced sharp emigration and rural decline, consecrating the irresistible emergence of the metropolis-capital. The data are modulated according to a whole range of regionalisations and typologies of territory, making it possible to situate mobilities and the different phases of urbanisation in their spatial, political and cultural contexts. Cartography plays a key role, revealing spatial structures on unprecedented scales. The approach is alternately nomothetic - observation and detection of regularities, contrasts and breaks in the growth rates visible in the various aggregates and on the maps - and hypothetico-deductive : many hypotheses suggested by the literature (identification of migration chains, specificity of Albanian underurbanization, existence of diverted migration towards the outskirts of cities at the end of communism, political dimension of metropolization, etc.) are revisited on the basis of the corpus of the thesis. The last two censuses (2001 and 2011) are used to reconstruct with great spatial accuracy the succession of migrations between the 1950s and 2011. The strong historicity of the Albanian trajectory is confronted with some classical models of the modernization paradigm : vital and mobility transitions or the emergence of the World-Society. The geohistorical narrative takes the conventional form of describing a succession of spatial systems and the transitions between them. The end of the thesis contains a different theoretical proposition centered on the concept of mobility geotype. Conceived as a historically significant form of mobility that is recognizable by the regularity and duration of its spatial signature, the mobility geotype lies on a gradient from social reproduction (e.g., marriage spatial patterns) to radical change (crossing of important social boundaries, disruption of the order of co-presences, such as during distant emigration). This property is referred to as histority (dialectic of reproduction and social change). Such an alternative approach is introduced, along with a discussion of its advantages - such as a richer conception of time - and its possible operationalisation in the context of a geohistorical approach. A histority calculation is proposed on the basis of urbanity differentials between the origins and destinations of Albanian migrations.

EPFL2020

Chargement

EPFL2020

Historicist aesthetics of architectural image: Mimesis and memorial in public space

Sila Karatas Basoglu

2013