Aldrin is an organochlorine insecticide that was widely used until the 1990s, when it was banned in most countries. Aldrin is a member of the so-called "classic organochlorines" (COC) group of pesticides. COCs enjoyed a very sharp rise in popularity during and after The Second World War. Other noteworthy examples of COCs include DDT. After research showed that organochlorines can be highly toxic to the ecosystem through bioaccumulation, most were banned from use. It is a colourless solid. Before the ban, it was heavily used as a pesticide to treat seed and soil. Aldrin and related "cyclodiene" pesticides (a term for pesticides derived from Hexachlorocyclopentadiene) became notorious as persistent organic pollutants.
The structure formula of aldrin is C12H8Cl6. The molecule has a molecular weight of 364.896 g/mol. The melting point of aldrin is a temperature of 105 °C and the octanol-water partition coefficient is 6.5 (logP).
Pure aldrin takes form as a white crystalline powder. Though it is not soluble in water (0.003% solubility), aldrin dissolves very well in organic solvents, such as ketones and paraffins. Aldrin decays very slowly once released into the environment. Though it is rapidly converted to dieldrin by plants and bacteria, dieldrin maintains the same toxic effects and slow decay of aldrin. Aldrin is easily transported through the air by dust particles. Aldrin does not react with mild acids or bases and is stable in an environment with a pH between 4 and 8. It is highly flammable when exposed to temperatures above 200 °C In the presence of oxidizing agents aldrin reacts with concentrated acids and phenols.
Aldrin is not formed in nature. It is synthesized by combining hexachlorocyclopentadiene with norbornadiene in a Diels-Alder reaction to give the adduct. In 1967, the composition of technical-grade aldrin was reported to consist of 90.5% of hexachlorohexahydrodimethanonaphthalene (HHDN).
Similarly, an isomer of aldrin, known as isodrin, is produced by reaction of hexachloronobornadiene with cyclopentadiene.
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L'endosulfan est une substance active de produit phytosanitaire (ou produit phytopharmaceutique, ou pesticide), qui présente un effet insecticide, et qui appartient à la famille chimique des organochlorés. L’endusolfan est interdit dans plus de 80 pays à cause de ses effets nocifs sur la santé. Seul ou combiné à d'autres pesticides en cocktail chimique, il est suspecté d'avoir entrainé la mort de centaines de personnes depuis les années 1970.
vignette|En 1958, le programme national d'éradication du paludisme des États-Unis a utilisé une approche entièrement nouvelle mettant en œuvre le DDT pour la pulvérisation des moustiques. Le DDT, développé pour la première fois au début de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, était très efficace dans la lutte contre les maladies à transmission vectorielle telles que le paludisme, le typhus, mais a été interdit par l'Environmental Protection Agency en juin 1972, d'utilisation générale aux États-Unis.
Un composé organochloré est un composé organique de synthèse, comportant au moins un atome de chlore et utilisé comme solvant, pesticide, insecticide, fongicide ou fluide frigorigène ou molécules intermédiaires de synthèse en chimie et pharmacie. Les plus connus sont les pesticides (DDT, aldrine, chlordécone, dieldrine, chlordane, heptachlore, , mirex, toxaphène, lindane), les PCB et les dioxines, le sucralose. Les organochlorés les plus lourds, stables et complexes sont produits par l'industrie chimique ou issus de l'incinération de produits issus de cette industrie.
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