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Criticism is the construction of a judgement about the negative or positive qualities of someone or something. Criticism can range from impromptu comments to a written detailed response. Criticism falls into several overlapping types including "theoretical, practical, impressionistic, affective, prescriptive, or descriptive". Criticism may also refer to an expression of disapproval of someone or something. When criticism of this nature is constructive it can make an individual aware of gaps in their understanding and it can provide distinct routes for improvement. Research supports the notion that using feedback and constructive criticism in the learning process is very influential. Critique vs. criticism: In French, German, or Italian, no distinction is drawn between 'critique' and 'criticism'. The two words both translate as critique, Kritik, and critica, respectively. In the English language, philosopher Gianni Vattimo suggests that criticism is used more fr

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Palimpsest Metaphor: Figures and Spaces of the Contemporary Project

Paola Viganò

What are the consequences of the use of the palimpsest metaphor on the construction of the contemporary project? The metaphor casts criticism on the modern project and opens to the long-term (longue durée). The investigation of territorial rationalities brings to the fore these temporal dimensions and the organizational structures of space. Understanding territorial rationalities is inescapable to define the basis of any exploration of the future of territorial, urban-rural configurations. The metaphor of the palimpsest alludes to the meeting/clash between different times, endless modifications and transformations. Until the use of the support is not so serious as to question its very existence, directions, dynamics and, at times, fortuitous encounters interweave on its shriveled skin; forms of power and violence are measured there, which, in turn, will generate new conflicts. “Unintentional monuments” are places where this intensity of pure overlapping disconnected intentions become monumental and the substance of a project, revealing, celebrating and exposing their landscapes, as episodes of collective human and environmental history. The palimpsest as a figure in the contemporary project is not only a criticism of the modern space, but the expression of a change of direction in the design activity, of its social role and of the theories intended to support it: Design space in the second degree.

2020

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Reconsidering Clark's Theory in CSCW

Pierre Dillenbourg, Nicolas Nova, Mirweis Sangin

The use of Herbert Clark’s work as a theoretical framework in the Computer Supported Collaborative Work domain is often dismissed or judged as “cooked” and led to a large body of controversy. This article intends to reconsider his contribution and re-examined the criticisms he received. The main critics addressed to Clark are that his notion of Common Ground is far too mentalist and lacks “situatedness”. We argue that most of these criticisms stem from the verbal conversational aspects of Clark’s theory. We sustain here the idea that his broader model of the “joint action” provides a fruitful ground for research in CSCW. Through one case study of our research, we indeed show how what Clark defines as “Common Ground “could be interpreted in a situated context. The discussion also addresses how this model can serve as a design framework.

Institut d'Etudes Politiques d'Aix-en_Provence2008

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Six additional replies - one more chorus of the S3 ballad

Dominique Foray

This paper has been written as a response to 'Six additional questions about smart specialization: implications for regional innovation policy 4.0' by M. Benner. The paper starts with the argument that recent academic work has enabled considerable progress to be made, regarding both the concept and its implementation, while, on the other hand, the actual practical implementations have not evolved very much and remain strongly marked by the original instructions given by the Commission and its experts. A logical consequence of such discrepancy between theory and actual practice is that the questions asked or criticisms expressed should always clearly specify whether they concern the theory or actual implementation of this theory. They should thus endeavour to avoid confusing the two levels. The paper shows then that this is not really the case in Benner's article.

ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD2020

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DH-500: Computational Social Media

The course integrates concepts from media studies, machine learning, multimedia and network science to characterize social practices and analyze content in sites like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Students will learn computational methods to infer individual and networked phenomena in social media.

AR-427: History of housing

Le cours se focalise sur les moments les plus significatifs de l'histoire de l'habitation urbaine en Europe. L'accent est mis sur les types courants, ou les plus facilement répétés, de différentes classes sociales et qui ont particulièrement contribué à la définition du caractère urbain.

MGT-301: Foundations in financial economics

The aim of this course is to expose EPFL bachelor students to some of the main areas in financial economics. The course will be organized around six themes. Students will obtain both practical insights through real-world examples and understand how one can model the main economic trade-offs.

Critique littéraire

La critique littéraire est l'étude, la discussion, l'évaluation et l'interprétation de la littérature. Elle peut prendre la forme d'un discours théorique s'appuyant sur la théorie de la littérature

Théorie critique

La théorie critique est une approche de la philosophie sociale qui vise à analyser la société et la culture en mobilisant les sciences sociales et les humanités afin de révéler et mettre en question l