Solar-powered calculatorSolar-powered calculators are hand-held electronic calculators powered by solar cells mounted on the device. They were introduced at the end of the 1970s. Amorphous silicon has been used as a photovoltaic solar cell material for devices which require very little power, such as pocket calculators, because their lower performance compared to conventional crystalline silicon solar cells is more than offset by their lower cost and simplified deposition onto a substrate.
ProtocrystallineA protocrystalline phase is a distinct phase occurring during crystal growth, which evolves into a microcrystalline form. The term is typically associated with silicon films in optical applications such as solar cells. Amorphous silicon (a-Si) is a popular solar cell material owing to its low cost and ease of production. Owing to disordered structure (Urbach tail), its absorption extends to the energies below the band gap resulting in a wide-range spectral response; however, it has a relatively low solar cell efficiency.
Tension de circuit ouvertvignette|Définition de la tension de circuit ouvert. La boîte représente un appareil quelconque à deux bornes. Celles-ci ne sont connectées à rien, de sorte qu'aucun courant ne circule entre elles. La tension v de ce schéma indique la tension de circuit ouvert . La tension de circuit ouvert, également dite potentiel à l'abandon ou encore OCV (de l'anglais "Open Circuit Voltage"), est la tension électrique entre les bornes d'un appareil déconnecté de tout circuit. Elle est habituellement notée ou .
Transmission d'énergie sans filLa transmission d'énergie sans fil est une technique permettant la distribution de l'énergie électrique sans utiliser de support matériel. Cette technique est destinée à être utilisée, soit pour alimenter des lieux difficiles d'accès, soit pour recharger des objets nomades (véhicules, téléphones, outillage portatif...) . Contrairement à la transmission de données, le rendement est le critère à maximiser pour la transmission d'énergie, il détermine le choix entre les différentes technologies.
Timeline of solar cellsIn the 19th century, it was observed that the sunlight striking certain materials generates detectable electric current – the photoelectric effect. This discovery laid the foundation for solar cells. Solar cells have gone on to be used in many applications. They have historically been used in situations where electrical power from the grid was unavailable. As the invention was brought out it made solar cells as a prominent utilization for power generation for satellites.
