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Concept
D. Mark Hegsted
Résumé
David Mark Hegsted (March 25, 1914 – June 16, 2009) was an American nutritionist who studied the connections between food consumption and heart disease. His work included studies that showed that consumption of saturated fats led to increases in cholesterol, leading to the development of dietary guidelines intended to help Americans achieve better health through improved food choices.
Hegsted was born on March 25, 1914, in Rexburg, Idaho. He graduated in 1936 from the University of Idaho and was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy in biochemistry in 1940 from the University of Wisconsin.
He came to the Department of Nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health in 1942 after spending a year at Abbott Laboratories as a research chemist. He was named as a professor of nutrition in 1962 and remained at Harvard until 1978.
Research performed by Hegsted in the early 1960s studied the relationships between changes in diet and serum levels of cholesterol. The equation he developed showed that cholesterol and saturated fats from sources such as eggs and meat in the diet raised harmful cholesterol levels, monounsaturated fats had little effect and polyunsaturated fats from sources such as nuts and seeds lowered levels. Results from these studies were published in 1965 in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, to what was described by The New York Times as "great acclaim". In combination with research performed independently by Ancel Keys, these results led to recommendations advocating decreased dietary consumption of saturated fats.
The Hegsted equation is a method used to predict the effects of diet on total serum cholesterol:
Where = saturated fatty acids (% of total calories), = polyunsaturated fatty acids (% of total calories), and = dietary cholesterol.
In 1978, he was hired by the United States Department of Agriculture as Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service, serving until 1982. He was hired by Harvard Medical School in 1982 as Associate Director for Research at the New England Regional Primate Research Center.
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