A borehole is a narrow shaft bored in the ground, either vertically or horizontally. A borehole may be constructed for many different purposes, including the extraction of water (drilled water well and tube well), other liquids (such as petroleum), or gases (such as natural gas). It may also be part of a geotechnical investigation, environmental site assessment, mineral exploration, temperature measurement, as a pilot hole for installing piers or underground utilities, for geothermal installations, or for underground storage of unwanted substances, e.g. in carbon capture and storage.
Engineers and environmental consultants use the term borehole to collectively describe all of the various types of holes drilled as part of a geotechnical investigation or environmental site assessment (a so-called Phase II ESA). This includes holes advanced to collect soil samples, water samples or rock cores, to advance in situ sampling equipment, or to install monitoring wells or piezometers. Samples collected from boreholes are often tested in a laboratory to determine their physical properties, or to assess levels of various chemical constituents or contaminants.
Typically, a borehole used as a water well is completed by installing a vertical pipe (casing) and well screen to keep the borehole from caving. This also helps prevent surface contaminants from entering the borehole and protects any installed pump from drawing in sand and sediment. Oil and natural gas wells are completed in a similar, albeit usually more complex, manner.
As detailed in proxy (climate), borehole temperature measurements at a series of different depths can be effectively "inverted" (a mathematical formula to solve a matrix equation) to help estimate historic surface temperatures.
Clusters of small-diameter boreholes equipped with heat exchangers made of plastic PEX pipe can be used to store heat or cold between opposing seasons in a mass of native rock. The technique is called seasonal thermal energy storage. Media that can be used for this technique ranges from gravel to bedrock.
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A borehole is a narrow shaft bored in the ground, either vertically or horizontally. A borehole may be constructed for many different purposes, including the extraction of water (drilled water well and tube well), other liquids (such as petroleum), or gases (such as natural gas). It may also be part of a geotechnical investigation, environmental site assessment, mineral exploration, temperature measurement, as a pilot hole for installing piers or underground utilities, for geothermal installations, or for underground storage of unwanted substances, e.
vignette|Forage vertical pour trouver de l'eau vignette|Forage pour trouver du pétrole Le forage est l'action de creuser un trou (aussi appelé « puits » dans le domaine de la prospection) dans la Terre. L'équipement du puits, tel les tubages, et de manière générale les moyens techniques permettant de creuser, varient en fonction de son dimensionnement et de ses objectifs. On fore pour prospecter et/ou exploiter le sous-sol.
La fracturation hydraulique est la dislocation ciblée de formations géologiques peu perméables par le moyen de l'injection sous très haute pression d'un fluide destiné à fissurer et microfissurer la roche. Cette fracturation peut être pratiquée à proximité de la surface, ou à grande profondeur (à plus de , voire à plus de dans le cas du gaz de schiste), et à partir de puits verticaux, inclinés ou horizontaux.
Objective is to provide an understanding of the problems in geo-energy projects. Underground as storage medium for carbon dioxide, heat storage and radioactive waste and as energy source like deep geo
Experimental studies suggest that the fracture toughness of rocks increases with the confining pressure. Among many methods to quantify this dependency, a so-called burst experiment (Abou-Sayed, 1978)
The development of ground source heat pumps has facilitated the use of geothermal power at shallow depths. Initially, ground heat exchangers were buried in trenches or boreholes, but recent investigat