The wildland–urban interface (WUI) is a zone of transition between wilderness (unoccupied land) and land developed by human activity – an area where a built environment meets or intermingles with a natural environment. Human settlements in the WUI are at a greater risk of catastrophic wildfire.
In the United States, the wildland–urban interface (WUI) has two definitions. The US Forest Service defines the wildland–urban interface qualitatively as a place where "humans and their development meet or intermix with wildland fuel." Communities that are within of the zone are included. A quantitative definition is provided by the Federal Register, which defines WUI areas as those containing at least one housing unit per .
The Federal Register definition splits the WUI into two categories based on vegetation density:
Intermix WUI, or lands that contain at least one housing unit per in which vegetation occupies more than 50% of terrestrial area; a heavily vegetated intermix WUI is as an area in which vegetation occupies over 75% of terrestrial area (at least 5 km2).
Interface WUI, or lands that contain at least one housing unit per in which vegetation occupies less than 50% of terrestrial area (at least 2.4 km2).
Human development has increasingly encroached into the wildland–urban interface.
The WUI was the fastest-growing land use type in the United States between 1990 and 2010. Factors include geographic population shifts, expansion of cities and suburbs into wildlands, and vegetative growth into formerly unvegetated land. The primary cause has been migration. Of new WUI areas, 97% were the result of new housing. In the United States there are population shifts towards the WUIs in the West and South; increasing nationally by 18 percent per decade, covering 6 million additional homes between 1990 and 2000 which in 2013 was 32 percent of habitable structures. Globally, WUI growth includes regions such as Argentina, France, South Africa, Australia, and regions around the Mediterranean sea.
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The wildland–urban interface (WUI) is a zone of transition between wilderness (unoccupied land) and land developed by human activity – an area where a built environment meets or intermingles with a natural environment. Human settlements in the WUI are at a greater risk of catastrophic wildfire. In the United States, the wildland–urban interface (WUI) has two definitions. The US Forest Service defines the wildland–urban interface qualitatively as a place where "humans and their development meet or intermix with wildland fuel.
Un feu de forêt est un incendie qui se propage sur une étendue boisée. Il peut être d'origine naturelle (dû à la foudre ou à une éruption volcanique) ou humaine (intentionnel et criminel ou involontaire et accidentel à partir de feux agricoles ou allumés pour « l'entretien » de layons ou des zones ouvertes pour la chasse par exemple). Par souci écologique ou de réduction du risque de grands feux, quand le milieu, le contexte et la législation le permettent, on peut localement utiliser des « feux contrôlés ».
La notion de fragmentation ou de morcellement des écosystèmes / des habitats / écopaysagère(er) / écologique englobe tout phénomène artificiel de morcellement de l'espace, qui peut ou pourrait empêcher une ou plusieurs espèces de se déplacer comme elles le devraient et le pourraient en l'absence de facteur de fragmentation. Avec le concept d'hétérogénéité, celui de fragmentation est une des bases théoriques de l'écologie du paysage. La notion de fragmentation concerne uniquement le phénomène de morcellement, sans perte de surface.