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Concept
Crime in New Zealand
Résumé
Crime in New Zealand encompasses criminal law, crime statistics, the nature and characteristics of crime, sentencing, punishment, and public perceptions of crime. New Zealand criminal law has its origins in English criminal law, which was codified into statute by the New Zealand parliament in 1893. Although New Zealand remains a common law jurisdiction, all criminal offences and their penalties are codified in New Zealand statutes.
Law of New Zealand
Criminal law in New Zealand is based on English criminal law that the New Zealand parliament initially codified in statute in 1893. Although New Zealand remains a common law jurisdiction, all criminal offences and their penalties are codified in New Zealand statutes.
Most criminal offences that would result in imprisonment in New Zealand are set out in the Crimes Act 1961 and its amendments. Criminal offences related to specific situations also appear in other legislation, such as the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 for drug offences and the Land Transport Act 1998 for traffic offences. Less serious breaches of the law are dealt with under legislation such as the Summary Offences Act 1981, where penalties are more often a fine or other community sanctions rather than imprisonment.
The age of criminal responsibility in New Zealand is 10 years; however, children aged 10 and 11 can only be convicted of murder and manslaughter, while children aged 12 and 13 can only be convicted of a crime with a maximum sentence of 14 years or more imprisonment.
The primary enforcement agency is the New Zealand Police, however more specialised crimes are enforced by other agencies such as the Serious Fraud Office, Ministry for Primary Industries, Immigration New Zealand and the New Zealand Customs Service among others. Local councils and other individuals appointed by the Police Commissioner also have the power to enforce laws and bylaws. The enforcement agency may charge an individual accused of breaking the law by filing a charging document with the registry of a district court.
Source officielle
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