Androgène | EPFL Graph Search

Androgène est le terme générique pour tout composé naturel ou synthétique, généralement une hormone stéroïdienne, qui stimule ou contrôle le développement et le maintien des caractères mâles chez les vertébrés en se liant aux récepteurs androgènes. Cela englobe aussi l’activité des organes sexuels mâles secondaires et le développement des caractères sexuels secondaires. Les androgènes, qui ont été découverts en 1936, sont également appelés « hormones androgènes ». Les androgènes comportent également les stéroïdes anabolisants d’origine. Ils sont aussi les précurseurs de tous les œstrogènes, les hormones sexuelles femelles et permettent notamment une croissance folliculaire ainsi que l'apparition des récepteurs à l'hormone lutéinisante chez la femme. Le principal androgène et le plus connu est la testostérone. Types d’androgènes Un groupe d’androgènes, les « androgènes surrénaliens » comprennent tous les stéroïdes à 19 atomes de carbone, synthétisés par le cortex surrénal,

Intra- and interspecific social challenges modulate the levels of an androgen precursor in a seasonally territorial tropical damselfish

Katarina Damjanovic

Studies on different vertebrate groups have provided evidence that androgen levels in males increase after competitive social interactions during the breeding season, as postulated by the Challenge Hypothesis. However, social modulation of androgen levels may vary with latitude and may differ between species holding seasonal versus year-round territories. Here, we tested the Challenge Hypothesis on a seasonal tropical damselfish, Abudefduf sexfasciatus, where males temporarily defend territory and eggs against both intra- and interspecific individuals. Carrying out simulated territorial intrusions (STIs) in the laboratory, we document for the first time a consistent increase in the plasma level of the androgen precursor 11-ketoandrostenedione (11KA) in fish confronted to either intra- or interspecific challenges. Collecting samples in the field also revealed higher 11KA levels in fish facing frequent territorial interactions than in non-territorial individuals. Levels of 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) were high in territorial males in the field, but were not incremented after simulated territorial intrusions in the laboratory. Plasma levels of cortisol and testosterone were not affected by challenges but were different in wild and captive specimens. Although the endocrine responses to STIs did not differ between intra- and interspecific challenges, agonistic displays expressed by resident fish were more intense towards intraspecific intruders. Taken together, our study emphasizes the need to incorporate androgen precursor concentrations to advance our understanding on the physiology of territorial interactions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science2015

Characterization of cancer stem cell subpopulations from patient-derived xenografts of advanced prostate cancer

Markus Germann

Androgen-deprivation therapy is the standard treatment for prostate cancer. Despite the initial response, a fraction of cases manifest progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer. PCa recurrence is possibly due to androgen-independent cancer stem cells that reinitiate tumor growth. The properties of cancer stem cells versus highly proliferative progenitor cells remain to be further characterized at the cellular and gene expression level. To address the molecular basis of CSC switch from androgen dependency to independence, we have employed patient-derived xenograft models (LAPC-9 and BM-18) that have different androgen sensitivity properties. We have performed microarray and proteomic analysis of BM-18 tumor tissues prior to and following castration as well as androgen replacement. To characterize the cancer stem cells in these models we have isolated different subpopulations by FACS cytometry, based on combination of selected markers (CD44 and ALDH activity measured by ALDELFUOR assay) aiming to assess the transcriptomic profile of these different populations. To assess response of these CD44+/-/ALDH+/- cells to androgen targeting compounds we have established an androgen-sensitive xenograft model (PNPCa) and tested it by ex vivo tissue culture and organoid viability assays. Proteomic and microarray analysis of bulk BM-18 tumors indicates enrichment of stem cell markers upon castration: CD44, NKX3.1 and ALDH1 isoforms. Readministration of testosterone induces decrease of these markers. Castration induces a rapid tumor volume decrease in the BM-18 as opposed to LAPC-9, reflecting different androgen-dependent cell states. CD44+/-/ALDHhigh/low subpopulations were isolated by flow cytometry and for transcriptomic analysis. Castration in the BM18 model induces an increase in the subpopulations of CD44+/ALDHlow and CD44+/ALDHhigh, while ALDHsingle and ALDHhigh total populations are decreased. Both CD44 expression and ALDH activity is increased in the LAPC-9 model upon castration. Treatment of PNPCa tumor parts ex vivo with enzalutamide inhibited expression of androgen receptor and keratin 8 expression. CD44+ organoids derived from the same tissue did not show altered viability after enzalutamide treatment. Different androgen-independent cancer stem cell populations may be distinguished by ALDH activity status and CD44. Androgen-independent cells in the BM-18 androgen-dependent model are reflected by enrichment of CD44 expression. The least abundant subpopulation CD44+/ALDHhigh is present in the LAPC-9 and expanded upon castration, while in the BM-18 model it is exclusively present after castration, reflecting different androgen sensitivity. Ongoing analysis may elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling cancer stem cell fates, androgen sensitivity and drug resistance.

AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH2018

Characterization of cancer stem cell subpopulations from patient-derived xenografts of advanced prostate cancer

Markus Germann

AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH2018