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Concept
Private and public schools in China
Résumé
Public schools in China are administered by the National Ministry of Education. Whilst the Ministry supervises general guidelines such as staff recruitment, national budgets and formal examinations, specific regulations directly correlated to each public school are managed by their District and Provincial Commissions of Education (Chan, 2019). The government is responsible for all aspects of the public education system, including but not limited to staff salaries, yearly curriculum, internal assessments and external rankings (Wang, 2005).
Private schools in China are administered by private individuals or corporations (Lin, 1999). Unlike public schools which are managed by the government, each private school's independent board of directors is responsible for tasks such as staff and student recruitment, salaries, principal assignment and student fees (Wang, 2005).
Following the formation of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the government announced that workers were the most important class in society (Cheng, 1994). As such, the Ministry of Education established that henceforth, education must be made accessible to all workers, in order to favour the development of the country. By 1950, when the nation's first middle schools and universities commenced, all staff involved were given welfare entitlements like other proletariat members in the public division (Wang, 2005). This establishment of the new Chinese education system was constructed upon a combination of the Soviet model and elements of traditional China (Chan, 2019).
Throughout the 1900s, public education was subjected to several variations (Zhang, 2001). In particular, these temporary changes were a result of the 1958 Chinese educational revolution. As the development of the proletariat was prioritized, education gradually became combined with labour and production. Most schools were converted to half-study and half-labour schools, and many started to experiment with new systems of education on their own.
Source officielle
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