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Concept
The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy
Résumé
The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy (German: Die geistesgeschichtliche Lage des heutigen Parlamentarismus, roughly: "The Intellectual-Historical Situation of Today's Parliamentarianism") is a work of political theory written by German jurist Carl Schmitt, originally published in 1923 by Duncker & Humblot in Germany with a second edition in 1926. The book was translated into English by Ellen Kennedy in 1985 and published by MIT Press in 1988, based on the 1926 edition. In this book, Schmitt provides a critique of parliamentary democracy – particularly as embodied in the form of the Weimar Republic – and calls into question one of its central political institutions, the Reichstag.
In Ellen Kennedy's introduction, she claims that The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy has been commonly read to be "welcome to the broad spectrum of anti-parliamentary prejudices in the Weimar Republic" His critiques of parliamentary democracies undermined the legitimacy of the Reichstag in the Weimar Republic. Schmitt was closely identified with Political Catholicism in the first years of the Weimar Republic and his contact with Catholic political and intellectual circles made him the leading exponent of the Catholic view among German jurists. The second edition of his book was written particularly to address the critique of Richard Thoma's review and was shown in multiple publications including Hochland - through Karl Muth in 1926- and the second edition of his Parlamentarismus. This work is representative of Schmitt's focus at the time of developing a critique of his contemporary society and the history of political ideas, particularly of democracy, liberalism, and dictatorship.
The 1988 edition of the text has the following structure:
Preface to the Second Edition (1926): On the Contradiction Between Parliamentarism and Democracy
Introduction to the First Edition (1923)
Democracy and Parliamentarism
The Principles of Parliamentarism
Dictatorship in Marxist Thought
Irrationalist Theories of the Direct Use of Force
Appendix: On the Ideology of Parliamentarism (1925) by Richard Thoma
In the preface to the Second Edition (1926), Carl Schmitt directly responds to Richard Thoma's 1925 critique of the first edition (Thoma's essay is included in the appendix.
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