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Concept
Babi Yar memorials
Résumé
Babi Yar, a ravine near Kyiv, was the scene of possibly the largest shooting massacre during the Holocaust. After the war, commemoration efforts encountered serious difficulty because of the policy of the Soviet Union. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, a number of memorials have been erected. The creation of the Babyn Yar Holocaust Memorial Center was initiated in 2016.
During the years 1942-1945, Soviet media frequently reported about the events at Babi Yar, its victims being officially defined as Jewish, Ukrainian, Russian, whereby the considerable number of Roma victims was excluded. Soviet leadership did not place any emphasis on the Jewish aspect of the Babi Yar tragedy; instead, it presented these atrocities as 'murder of peaceful Soviet people' in general, including the Jewish population into the wider Soviet people. The first draft report of the Extraordinary State Commission (Чрезвычайная Государственная Комиссия), dated December 25, 1943 was officially censored in February 1944 as follows:
The publishing of the ethnical makeup of the Babi Yar victims was not forbidden, only the size of victims among the civil population was not to be mentioned in mass media. After 1945, following a push for recognition by Jewish itelligentsia, the Soviet government allowed for monuments emphasizing the Jewish character of Nazi victims.
After the war, several attempts were made to erect a memorial at Babi Yar to commemorate the fate of the Jewish victims. A turning point was Yevgeny Yevtushenko's 1961 poem on Babi Yar, which begins "Nad Babim Yarom pamyatnikov nyet" ("There are no monuments over Babi Yar"); it is also the first line of Shostakovitch's Symphony No. 13.
An official memorial to Soviet citizens shot at Babi Yar was erected in 1976. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Ukrainian government allowed the establishment of a separate memorial specifically identifying the Jewish victims. The creation of the Babyn Yar Holocaust Memorial Center was initiated in 2016.
Source officielle
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