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Concept
Sénécionine
Résumé
Senecionine is a toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from various botanical sources. It takes its name from the Senecio genus and is produced by many different plants in that genus, including Jacobaea vulgaris (Senecio jacobaea). It has also been isolated from several other plants, including Brachyglottis repanda, Emilia, Erechtites hieraciifolius, Petasites, Syneilesis, Crotalaria, Caltha leptosepala, and Castilleja.
The compound is toxic and consumption can lead to liver damage, cancer, and pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis. Because of this, consumption of plants that produce it has resulted in poisonings, both in humans and in animals.
Like other pyrrolizidine alkaloids, senecionine is toxic when ingested. The ingested molecule is a protoxin that is metabolized to its active form.
In large quantities, ingestion can lead to critical illness, including convulsions and death. Studies in rodents have shown an LD50 of 65 mg/kg. In smaller, non-lethal quantities, ingestion can lead to intoxication, although clinical signs and symptoms may not present until months after exposure depending on the level of exposure.
Ingestion can lead to both liver and DNA damage.
The liver damage in both acute and chronic intoxication can cause hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOS), signs and symptoms of which include nausea, vomiting, hepatomegaly, and bloody diarrhea. Additionally, acute intoxication can cause hemorrhagic necrosis and liver failure, with signs and symptoms including weight loss, jaundice, depression, behavior changes, and ascites. Photosensitive dermatitis may also be seen. Other symptoms and manifestations of chronic exposure include weakness, portal hypertension, and cirrhosis.
Senecionine ingestion can also induce DNA damage. Although there are few if any cases of human cancers directly linked to senecionine intoxication, rodent studies have shown that it is capable of inducing tumor formation in the liver, lung, skin, brain, spinal cord, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract.
Source officielle
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