Évaluation par les pairs

Résumé

vignette|droite|Évaluation d'une proposition de financement par un spécialiste du NIH américain. Dans les disciplines scientifiques, l'évaluation par les pairs (ou peer review selon l'expression anglophone couramment utilisée) désigne l'activité collective des chercheurs qui jugent de façon critique les travaux d'autres chercheurs (leurs « pairs »). Présentation L'évaluation par les pairs est un principe fondamental de la recherche scientifique, que ce soit pour les sciences dites « exactes » ou les sciences humaines et sociales. Elle est utilisée aussi bien pour ce qui concerne la publication d'articles dans des revues que pour le recrutement et l'avancement des enseignants-chercheurs et le financement de leurs projets de recherche. Dans cet article cependant, seul le premier volet est abordé. Objet Cette évaluation peut porter sur :

une recherche précise soumise pour publication dans une revue scientifique (ou destinée à être présentée à une conférence). L

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89valuation_par_les_pairs

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The pioneering paper 'Optical rogue waves' by Solli et al (2007 Nature 450 1054) started the new subfield in optics. This work launched a great deal of activity on this novel subject. As a result, the initial concept has expanded and has been enriched by new ideas. Various approaches have been suggested since then. A fresh look at the older results and new discoveries has been undertaken, stimulated by the concept of 'optical rogue waves'. Presently, there may not by a unique view on how this new scientific term should be used and developed. There is nothing surprising when the opinion of the experts diverge in any new field of research. After all, rogue waves may appear for a multiplicity of reasons and not necessarily only in optical fibers and not only in the process of supercontinuum generation. We know by now that rogue waves may be generated by lasers, appear in wide aperture cavities, in plasmas and in a variety of other optical systems. Theorists, in turn, have suggested many other situations when rogue waves may be observed. The strict definition of a rogue wave is still an open question. For example, it has been suggested that it is defined as 'an optical pulse whose amplitude or intensity is much higher than that of the surrounding pulses'. This definition (as suggested by a peer reviewer) is clear at the intuitive level and can be easily extended to the case of spatial beams although additional clarifications are still needed. An extended definition has been presented earlier by N Akhmediev and E Pelinovsky (2010 Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 185 1-4). Discussions along these lines are always useful and all new approaches stimulate research and encourage discoveries of new phenomena. Despite the potentially existing disagreements, the scientific terms 'optical rogue waves' and 'extreme events' do exist. Therefore coordination of our efforts in either unifying the concept or in introducing alternative definitions must be continued. From this point of view, a number of the scientists who work in this area of research have come together to present their research in a single review article that will greatly benefit all interested parties of this research direction. Whether the authors of this 'roadmap' have similar views or different from the original concept, the potential reader of the review will enrich their knowledge by encountering most of the existing views on the subject. Previously, a special issue on optical rogue waves (2013 J. Opt. 15 060201) was successful in achieving this goal but over two years have passed and more material has been published in this quickly emerging subject. Thus, it is time for a roadmap that may stimulate and encourage further research.

Iop Publishing Ltd2016

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P2P [peer to peer] et la protection des droits

Damien Cardinaux

2008

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Fixed-wing micro UAV open data with digicam and raw INS/GNSS

Davide Antonio Cucci, Kenneth Joseph Paul, Jan Skaloud

We have recently released in the open domain data originating from a series of flights conducted with a fixed-wing micro UAV carrying high-quality small camera and navigation sensors. This data was previously used in several peer-reviewed publications. However, the data that we describe in the following is part of a larger series that will be released gradually after incorporating user feedback (e.g., on formats, description, etc.) from the first (three) released open data-sets. In the first part of this work we provide a thorough description of the common elements of these data sets, notably the UAV, its sensors, methods of time-stamping and synchronizing data streams, reference geometrical relations among them (system calibration) as well as time-invariant sensor parameters (e.g., lens distortion, non-orthogonality of inertial sensors) together with ground control points that are valid over the whole series. In the second part we describe the individual missions and provide the links to the released data sets.

2021

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Iop Publishing Ltd2016