Coxeter notationIn geometry, Coxeter notation (also Coxeter symbol) is a system of classifying symmetry groups, describing the angles between fundamental reflections of a Coxeter group in a bracketed notation expressing the structure of a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, with modifiers to indicate certain subgroups. The notation is named after H. S. M. Coxeter, and has been more comprehensively defined by Norman Johnson. For Coxeter groups, defined by pure reflections, there is a direct correspondence between the bracket notation and Coxeter-Dynkin diagram.
Point groups in three dimensionsIn geometry, a point group in three dimensions is an isometry group in three dimensions that leaves the origin fixed, or correspondingly, an isometry group of a sphere. It is a subgroup of the orthogonal group O(3), the group of all isometries that leave the origin fixed, or correspondingly, the group of orthogonal matrices. O(3) itself is a subgroup of the Euclidean group E(3) of all isometries. Symmetry groups of geometric objects are isometry groups. Accordingly, analysis of isometry groups is analysis of possible symmetries.
Icosahedral symmetryIn mathematics, and especially in geometry, an object has icosahedral symmetry if it has the same symmetries as a regular icosahedron. Examples of other polyhedra with icosahedral symmetry include the regular dodecahedron (the dual of the icosahedron) and the rhombic triacontahedron. Every polyhedron with icosahedral symmetry has 60 rotational (or orientation-preserving) symmetries and 60 orientation-reversing symmetries (that combine a rotation and a reflection), for a total symmetry order of 120.
Solide de PlatonEn géométrie euclidienne, un solide de Platon est l’un des cinq polyèdres à la fois réguliers et convexes. En référence au nombre de faces (4, 6, 8, 12 et 20) qui les composent, ils sont nommés couramment tétraèdre (régulier), hexaèdre (régulier) ou cube, octaèdre (régulier), dodécaèdre (régulier) et icosaèdre (régulier), les adjectifs « régulier » et « convexe » étant souvent implicites ou omis quand le contexte le permet. Depuis les mathématiques grecques, les solides de Platon furent un sujet d’étude des géomètres en raison de leur esthétique et de leurs symétries.
