Liberal institutionalism (or institutional liberalism or neoliberalism) is a theory of international relations that holds that international cooperation between states is feasible and sustainable, and that such cooperation can reduce conflict and competition. Neoliberalism is a revised version of liberalism. Alongside neorealism, liberal institutionalism is one of the two most influential contemporary approaches to international relations.
In contrast to neorealist scholarship (which is skeptical of prospects for sustainable cooperation), liberal institutionalism argues that cooperation is feasible and sustainable. Liberal institutionalists highlight the role of international institutions and regimes in facilitating cooperation between states. Robert Keohane's 1984 book After Hegemony used insights from the new institutional economics to argue that the international system could remain stable in the absence of a hegemon, thus rebutting hegemonic stability theory.
Keohane showed that international cooperation could be sustained through repeated interactions, transparency, and monitoring. According to Keohane and other liberal institutionalists, institutions facilitate cooperation by:
Reducing transaction costs
Providing information
Making commitments more credible
Establishing focal points for coordination
Facilitating the principle of reciprocity
Extending the shadow of the future
Enabling interlinkages of issues, which raises the cost of noncompliance
Some call the school of thought rational functionalism instead of liberal institutionalism. Liberal institutionalism is also close to—but not synonymous with—regime theory and neoliberalism. Robert Keohane, a political scientist largely responsible for the development of liberal institutionalism, considers his ideas part of institutionalism or rational institutionalism, even though those schools disagree with him on certain points. Keohane dislikes using the adjectives "liberal" or "neoliberal" to describe his work because he also draws from realism, a school of thought that is often contrasted with liberalism.
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Le libéralisme est, dans la matière des relations internationales, un courant subséquent au réalisme. Il se caractérise par l'importance qu'il accorde aux acteurs non étatiques, du rôle des entreprises multinationales, d'ONG et d'organisations humanitaires (comme le CICR par exemple) ou de coopération entre États (telle que l'ONU), de lobbies, etc. Le libéralisme est étroitement lié à l'idéalisme courant de Kant à Woodrow Wilson, qui, sans s'opposer clairement au réalisme vient mettre l'accent sur d'autres facteurs déterminants des relations internationales au lieu de s'en tenir à des analyses basées uniquement sur les intérêts des États.
In international relations, the liberal international order (LIO), also known as the rules-based international order (RBIO), or the rules-based order (RBO), describes a set of global, rule-based, structured relationships based on political liberalism, economic liberalism and liberal internationalism since the late 1940s. More specifically, it entails international cooperation through multilateral institutions (like the United Nations, World Trade Organization and International Monetary Fund) and is constituted by human equality (freedom, rule of law and human rights), open markets, security cooperation, promotion of liberal democracy, and monetary cooperation.
Le concept danarchie est utilisé en théorie des relations internationales pour décrire la situation du système international. Ce concept a été considéré comme le plus important pour l'étude des relations internationales, mais il est contesté depuis les années 1990 à cause de son ambiguïté et du danger inhérent à considérer un tel postulat comme fondamental (risque de déterminisme). Le système international est décrit comme anarchique en opposition avec l'ordre interne aux États.
This essay analyzes the spatial and temporal dynamics which have emerged from the rapid development of Chiang Mai, Thailand over the last four decades. Modern urbanization since the 1980s in the previously remote Chiang Mai-Lamphun Valley has coincided wit ...