Concept
Gas flare
Concepts associés (16)
Greenhouse gas emissions
Greenhouse gas emissions (abbreviated as GHG emissions) from human activities strengthen the greenhouse effect, contributing to climate change. Carbon dioxide (), from burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, is one of the most important factors in causing climate change. The largest emitters are China followed by the US, although the United States has higher emissions per capita. The main producers fueling the emissions globally are large oil and gas companies.
Gas venting
Gas venting, more specifically known as natural-gas venting or methane venting, is the intentional and controlled release of gases containing alkane hydrocarbons - predominately methane - into earth's atmosphere. It is a widely used method for disposal of unwanted gases which are produced during the extraction of coal and crude oil. Such gases may lack value when they are not recyclable into the production process, have no export route to consumer markets, or are surplus to near-term demand.
Natural-gas processing
Natural-gas processing is a range of industrial processes designed to purify raw natural gas by removing contaminants such as solids, water, carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), mercury and higher molecular mass hydrocarbons (condensate) to produce pipeline quality dry natural gas for pipeline distribution and final use. Some of the substances which contaminate natural gas have economic value and are further processed or sold. Hydrocarbons that are liquid at ambient conditions: temperature and pressure (i.
Gaz naturel liquéfié
vignette|Un méthanier dans le terminal de Marmara.|alt=navire de grande taille, aux superstructures anguleuses, attaché à un quai Le gaz naturel liquéfié (abrégé en GNL, ou LNG de l'anglais liquefied natural gas) est du gaz naturel de qualité commerciale condensé à l’état liquide. Il se compose essentiellement de méthane mais comprend aussi jusqu'à 10 % d'éthane et de petites quantités d'autres gaz (propane et butane notamment).
Pollution de l'air
vignette|En 2013, l'Organisation mondiale de la santé a reconnu que la pollution de l'air extérieur est un cancérigène certain. vignette|Les émissions de monoxyde de carbone, de soufre, de suies et de particules liées à la combustion du charbon ont probablement été la première source de pollution majeure de l'air, dès le début de l'ère industrielle. Les transports ferroviaires y contribuaient largement, davantage par la construction des infrastructures (notamment la fabrication des rails) que du fait des émanations des locomotives.
Chemical plant
A chemical plant is an industrial process plant that manufactures (or otherwise processes) chemicals, usually on a large scale. The general objective of a chemical plant is to create new material wealth via the chemical or biological transformation and or separation of materials. Chemical plants use specialized equipment, units, and technology in the manufacturing process.
Particules en suspension
Les particules en suspension sont toutes les particules (solides ou en aérosols) portées par l'eau ou par l'air, quantifiables par filtration ou par d'autres procédés physiques. Les matières particulaires ou PM (acronyme de particulate matter en anglais) sont les particules en suspension dans l'atmosphère terrestre (aérosols atmosphériques). Un taux élevé de particules fines et ultrafines dans l'air est un facteur de risque sanitaire (maladies cardiovasculaires, altération des fonctions pulmonaires, cancer du poumon), induisant une nette diminution de l'espérance de vie.
Gaz de pétrole liquéfié
Le gaz de pétrole liquéfié, abrégé en GPL (appellation utilisée en France et en Suisse) ou LPG (dans les autres pays francophones, tels que la Belgique et le Luxembourg), est un mélange d'hydrocarbures légers, stocké à l'état liquide et issu du raffinage du pétrole pour 40 % et de traitement du gaz naturel pour 60 %. Les hydrocarbures constituant le GPL, dans son appellation officielle, sont essentiellement le propane et le butane ; le mélange peut contenir jusqu'à 0,5 % d'autres hydrocarbures légers tels que le butadiène.
Fugitive emission
Fugitive emissions are leaks and other irregular releases of gases or vapors from a pressurized containment – such as appliances, storage tanks, pipelines, wells, or other pieces of equipment – mostly from industrial activities. In addition to the economic cost of lost commodities, fugitive emissions contribute to local air pollution and may cause further environmental harm. Common industrial gases include refrigerants and natural gas, while less common examples are perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, and nitrogen trifluoride.
Associated petroleum gas
Associated petroleum gas (APG), or associated gas, is a form of natural gas which is found with deposits of petroleum, either dissolved in the oil or as a free "gas cap" above the oil in the reservoir. The gas can be utilized in a number of ways after processing: sold and included in the natural-gas distribution networks, used for on-site electricity generation with engines or turbines, reinjected for secondary recovery and used in enhanced oil recovery, converted from gas to liquids producing synthetic fuels, or used as feedstock for the petrochemical industry, but much of it worldwide is flared.