A mortgage is a legal instrument of the common law which is used to create a security interest in real property held by a lender as a security for a debt, usually a mortgage loan. Hypothec is the corresponding term in civil law jurisdictions, albeit with a wider sense, as it also covers non-possessory lien.
A mortgage in itself is not a debt, it is the lender's security for a debt. It is a transfer of an interest in land (or the equivalent) from the owner to the mortgage lender, on the condition that this interest will be returned to the owner when the terms of the mortgage have been satisfied or performed. In other words, the mortgage is a security for the loan that the lender makes to the borrower.
The word is a Law French term meaning "dead pledge," originally only referring to the Welsh mortgage (see below), but in the later Middle Ages was applied to all gages and reinterpreted by folk etymology to mean that the pledge ends (dies) either when the obligation is fulfilled or the property is taken through foreclosure.
In most jurisdictions mortgages are strongly associated with loans secured on real estate rather than on other property (such as ships) and in some jurisdictions only land may be mortgaged. A mortgage is the standard method by which individuals and businesses can purchase real estate without the need to pay the full value immediately from their own resources. See mortgage loan for residential mortgage lending, and commercial mortgage for lending against commercial property.
Legal systems in different countries, while having some concepts in common, employ different terminology. However, in general, a mortgage of property involves the following parties. The borrower, known as the mortgagor, gives the mortgage to the lender, known as the mortgagee.
A mortgage lender is an investor that lends money secured by a mortgage on real estate. In today's world, most lenders sell the loans they write on the secondary mortgage market. When they sell the mortgage, they earn revenue called Service Release Premium.
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In law, conveyancing is the transfer of legal title of real property from one person to another, or the granting of an encumbrance such as a mortgage or a lien. A typical conveyancing transaction has two major phases: the exchange of contracts (when equitable interests are created) and completion (also called settlement, when legal title passes and equitable rights merge with the legal title). The sale of land is governed by the laws and practices of the jurisdiction in which the land is located.
Un crédit hypothécaire est un crédit immobilier qui est garanti par une hypothèque, c'est-à-dire que le prêteur dispose du bien immobilier sous-jacent comme garantie sur le prêt. En France, près de 40% des crédits immobiliers sont adossés à une hypothèque, alors que près de 60% sont garantis par un cautionnement mutualisé. Il existe deux types de prêts hypothécaires : le prêt acquisition classique : l'hypothèque intervient comme une garantie au bénéfice du prêteur.
Le droit de rétention est un droit du créancier qui lui permet, en vertu de la loi et de certaines circonstances, de retenir une chose mobilière dont il a la possession de par le consentement du débiteur, et au besoin de faire réaliser cette chose. C'est donc un droit de gage légal portant sur une chose mobilière. Droit de rétention en droit français En droit des biens, le droit de rétention est codifié à l'article 2286 du Code civil depuis la loi du 23 mars 2006.
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