Railway signallingRailway signalling ( ()), also called railroad signaling ( ()), is a system used to control the movement of railway traffic. Trains move on fixed rails, making them uniquely susceptible to collision. This susceptibility is exacerbated by the enormous weight and inertia of a train, which makes it difficult to quickly stop when encountering an obstacle. In the UK, the Regulation of Railways Act 1889 introduced a series of requirements on matters such as the implementation of interlocked block signalling and other safety measures as a direct result of the Armagh rail disaster in that year.
Mine railwayA mine railway (or mine railroad, U.S.), sometimes pit railway, is a railway constructed to carry materials and workers in and out of a mine. Materials transported typically include ore, coal and overburden (also called variously spoils, waste, slack, culm, and tilings; all meaning waste rock). It is little remembered, but the mix of heavy and bulky materials which had to be hauled into and out of mines gave rise to the first several generations of railways, at first made of wooden rails, but eventually adding protective iron, steam locomotion by fixed engines and the earliest commercial steam locomotives, all in and around the works around mines.
Higher-speed railHigher-speed rail (HrSR), also known as high-performance rail, higher-performance rail, semi-high-speed rail or almost-high-speed rail, is the jargon used to describe inter-city passenger rail services that have top speeds of more than conventional rail but are not high enough to be called high-speed rail services. The term is also used by planners to identify the incremental rail improvements to increase train speeds and reduce travel time as alternatives to larger efforts to create or expand the high-speed rail networks.
Structure gaugeA structure gauge, also called the minimum clearance outline, is a diagram or physical structure that sets limits to the extent that bridges, tunnels and other infrastructure can encroach on rail vehicles. It specifies the height and width of platforms, tunnels and bridges, and the width of the doors that allow access to a warehouse from a rail siding. Specifications may include the minimum distance from rail vehicles to railway platforms, buildings, electrical equipment boxes, signal equipment, third rails or supports for overhead lines.
Association of American RailroadsL’Association of American Railroads (abrégée AAR que l'on peut traduire par Association des chemins de fer américains) est un regroupement des principales compagnies ferroviaires d'Amérique du Nord (Canada, États-Unis, Mexique). Il s'agit d'une certaine manière du pendant nord-américain de l'Union internationale des chemins de fer (UIC) européenne. L'organisation a été créée le . Il s'agissait alors de regrouper plusieurs organisations œuvrant dans le domaine ferroviaire comme l'American Railway Association.
Vracthumb|300px|Colza déchargé à la benne au port de Brest. Le chouleur reforme le tas en cours de manutention. Le vrac (du néerlandais wrak : mal salé, mauvais) désigne des marchandises qui ne sont pas emballées ou arrimées. Le terme est particulièrement employé dans le domaine du transport, pour distinguer le transport des marchandises unitaires (sur palettes, en conteneurs, en boîtes...) des marchandises en vrac, comme le sable dans un camion-benne.
Département des Transports (Royaume-Uni)Le département des Transports (Department for Transport ou DfT) est un département exécutif du gouvernement britannique chargé des transports. Il est dirigé par le secrétaire d'État aux Transports. Le DfT a été créé en 1919.
Wagon-citernevignette|260x260px|Wagon citerne du Groupe Ermewa en Autriche. Un wagon-citerne est un wagon spécialisé dans le transport ferroviaire de produits liquides ou pulvérulents. Il existe une grande variété de matériels de ce type, adaptés aux différents types de matières pouvant être transportées. Les wagons-citernes peuvent être isolés thermiquement ou non, pressurisés ou non, et conçus pour un chargement unique ou multiple.
Track geometryTrack geometry is concerned with the properties and relations of points, lines, curves, and surfaces in the three-dimensional positioning of railroad track. The term is also applied to measurements used in design, construction and maintenance of track. Track geometry involves standards, speed limits and other regulations in the areas of track gauge, alignment, elevation, curvature and track surface. Standards are usually separately expressed for horizontal and vertical layouts although track geometry is three-dimensional.
Right-of-way (transportation)A right-of-way (ROW, not to be confused with "right of way" without hyphens) is a right to make a way over a piece of land, usually to and from another piece of land. A right of way is a type of easement granted or reserved over the land for transportation purposes, such as a highway, public footpath, rail transport, canal, as well as electrical transmission lines, oil and gas pipelines. In the case of an easement, it may revert to its original owners if the facility is abandoned.
