Rhin

Résumé

Le 'Rhin' (en français , allemand Rhein, néerlandais Rijn, romanche Rein) est un fleuve international d'Europe centrale et de l'Ouest, long de . Il est la colonne vertébrale de l'Europe rhénane, l’espace économique le plus dynamique d’Europe et l’un des grands lieux de puissance du monde. Son bassin versant, de , comprend le Liechtenstein, la majeure partie de la Suisse et du grand-duché de Luxembourg, une partie de l'Autriche, de l'Italie et de la Belgique, de grandes parties de l'Allemagne et des Pays-Bas et une partie de la France. Il s'agit du plus long fleuve se déversant dans la mer du Nord et de l'une des voies navigables les plus fréquentées du monde. Il fournit de l'eau potable à plus de de personnes. Il donne son nom à la Rhénanie, une région de l'Ouest de l'Allemagne, à deux länder de l'Allemagne ainsi qu'aux deux départements français du Haut-Rhin et du Bas-Rhin. Parmi les villes les plus grandes et importantes sur le Rhin se trouvent Cologne, Rotterdam, Strasbourg e

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhin

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This course on water and wastewater treatment shows how to implement and design different methods and techniques to eliminate organic matter, nitrogen and phosporous from wastewater, and how to apply physical and chemical methods and techniques to produce drinking water.

Stream and river ecosystems are increasingly deteriorated owing to global change and climate change. Students will understand basic physical, chemical and biological processes in streams and rivers, and how they relate to ecosystem health and integrity .

La conception générale et l'agencement des différentes infrastructures et batteries hydroélectriques, avec le dimensionnement de leurs ouvrages hydrauliques principaux.

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Optimal regionalization of extreme value distributions for flood estimation

Peiman Asadi, Anthony Christopher Davison, Sebastian Engelke

Regionalization methods have long been used to estimate high return levels of river discharges at ungauged locations on a river network. In these methods, discharge measurements from a homogeneous group of similar, gauged, stations are used to estimate high quantiles at a target location that has no observations. The similarity of this group to the ungauged location is measured in terms of a hydrological distance measuring differences in physical and meteorological catchment attributes. We develop a statistical method for estimation of high return levels based on regionalizing the parameters of a generalized extreme value distribution. The group of stations is chosen by optimizing over the attribute weights of the hydrological distance, ensuring similarity and in-group homogeneity. Our method is applied to discharge data from the Rhine basin in Switzerland, and its performance at ungauged locations is compared to that of other regionalization methods. For gauged locations we show how our approach improves the estimation uncertainty for long return periods by combining local measurements with those from the chosen group.

2018

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Organic micropollutants (MPs) are increasingly detected in water resources, which can be a concern for human health and the aquatic environment. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation based advanced oxidation processes (AOP) such as low-pressure mercury vapor arc lamp UV/H 2 O 2 can be applied to abate these MPs. During UV/H 2 O 2 treatment, MPs are abated primarily by photolysis and reactions with hydroxyl radicals ( 'OH), which are produced in situ from H 2 O 2 photolysis. Here, a model is presented that calculates the applied UV fluence ( H calc ) and the 'OH exposure ( C T ?OH , calc ) from the abatement of two selected MPs, which act as internal probe compounds. Quantification of the UV fluence and hydroxyl radical exposure was generally accurate when a UV susceptible and a UV resistant probe compound were selected, and both were abated at least by 50 %, e.g., iopamidol and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole. Based on these key parameters a model was developed to predict the abatement of other MPs. The prediction of abatement was verified in various waters (sand filtrates of rivers Rhine and Wiese, and a tertiary wastewater effluent) and at different scales (laboratory experiments, pilot plant). The accuracy to predict the abatement of other MPs was typically within ?20 % of the respective measured abatement. The model was further assessed for its ability to estimate unknown rate constants for direct photolysis ( k UV , MP ) and reactions with 'OH ( k ?OH , MP ). In most cases, the estimated rate constants agreed well with published values, considering the uncertainty of kinetic data determined in laboratory experiments. A sensitivity analysis revealed that in typical water treatment applications, the precision of kinetic parameters ( k UV , MP for UV susceptible and k ?OH , MP for UV resistant probe compounds) have the strongest impact on the model?s accuracy. ? 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD2021

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Numerical modelling of the hydrogeological and geomechanical behaviour of a large slope movement: The Triesenberg landslide (Liechtenstein)

Bertrand François, Lyesse Laloui, Laurent Tacher, Véronique Triguero

Using advanced hydrogeological and geomechanical finite element modelling, it has been possible to model the mechanical behaviour of a large slope movement, the Triesenberg landslide. This slope is located along the Rhine valley in the Principality of Liechtenstein, covering an area of around 5 km2 which includes two villages. Pore water pressure fields calculated by the hydrogeological model were used as input for the geomechanical model. The results obtained through numerical simulation agree fairly well with field measurements of peak velocity, spatial and temporal distribution of velocity and total displacements. Such results were obtained using a Modified Cam-Clay elasto-plastic constitutive model for which the required material parameters were obtained through careful geotechnical tests. These finite element models were carried out in 2 and 3 dimensions in order gradually to improve the understanding of the physical phenomena governing the hydrogeological conditions and the movements of the slope.

2007

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