Recreational drug use

Recreational drug use is the use of one or more psychoactive drugs to induce an altered state of consciousness, either for pleasure or for some other casual purpose or pastime. When a psychoactive drug enters the user's body, it induces an intoxicating effect. Generally, recreational drugs are divided into three categories: depressants (drugs that induce a feeling of relaxation and calmness), stimulants (drugs that induce a sense of energy and alertness), and hallucinogens (drugs that induce perceptual distortions such as hallucination). In popular practice, recreational drug use is generally tolerated as a social behaviour, rather than perceived as the medical condition of self-medication. However, drug use and drug addiction are severely stigmatized everywhere in the world. Many people also use prescribed and controlled depressants such as opioids, opiates and benzodiazepines. What controlled substances are considered generally unlawful to possess varies by country, but usually includes cannabis, cocaine, opioids, MDMA, amphetamine, methamphetamine, psychedelics, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates. it is estimated that about 5% of people worldwide aged 15 to 65 (158 million to 351 million) had used controlled drugs at least once. Common recreational drugs include caffeine, commonly found in coffee, tea, soft drinks, and chocolate; alcohol, commonly found in beer, wine, cocktails, and distilled spirits; nicotine, commonly found in tobacco, tobacco-based products, and electronic cigarettes; cannabis and hashish (with legality of possession varying inter/intra-nationally); and the controlled substances listed as controlled drugs in the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961) and the Convention on Psychotropic Substances (1971) of the United Nations (UN). Since the early 2000s, the European Union (EU) has developed several comprehensive and multidisciplinary strategies as part of its drug policy in order to prevent the diffusion of recreational drug use and abuse among the European population and raise public awareness on the adverse effects of drugs among all member states of the European Union, as well as conjoined efforts with European law enforcement agencies, such as Europol and EMCDDA, in order to counter organized crime and illegal drug trade in Europe.

À propos de ce résultat

Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.

Concepts associés (280)

Cours associés (12)

Séances de cours associées (79)

CH-455: Methods in drug development

The course discusses methods in modern drug development. Each week, a short introduction to a drug development method / field is provided and a recent research paper is discussed in depth. Students pa

CH-602: Basic principles of drug action at the cardiovascular system

The aim of this course is two-fold:

to describe the molecular properties of some important drug targets
to illustrate some applications of drugs active at the nervous and cardiovascular systems.

BIO-478: Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics

This course introduces the student to the fudamentals of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and drug-receptor interactions. It discusses also pharmacogenetics and chronopharmacology, to exemplify the chal

Approches d'apprentissage automatique des maladies humaines

Explore l'impact de l'apprentissage automatique dans la compréhension des maladies humaines, en mettant l'accent sur l'importance historique, la découverte de produits naturels et les défis dans les médicaments de conception.

Pharmacocinétique : Absorption et distribution des médicaments BIO-478: Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics

Explore l'absorption des médicaments, la distribution et les implications cliniques, en se concentrant sur l'empoisonnement au salicylate et le piégeage des médicaments dans les lysosomes.

Découverte du traitement guidé par l'apprentissage automatique

Explore la médecine personnalisée, l'apprentissage automatique pour la prédiction du traitement, et les défis dans les algorithmes traditionnels.

MDMA

La MDMA (pour 3,4-méthylènedioxy-N-méthylamphétamine) est une amine sympathicomimétique, molécule psychostimulante de la classe des amphétamines. Puissant sympathicomimétique et sérotoninergique, la MDMA est souvent utilisée comme drogue, vendue alors sous forme de cristaux (souvent impurs) ou de pilules sous le nom d'ecstasy (de teneur variable en principe actif). Souvent, ces produits ne contiennent pas uniquement de la MDMA mais aussi des molécules proches telles que des sous-produits de synthèse (MDA ou MBDB) ou des analogues de synthèse comme la méthylone.

Acide gamma-hydroxybutyrique

L'acide 4-hydroxybutanoïque ou γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), anciennement et uniquement dans le monde francophone, connu sous le nom abrégé de gamma-OH, est un psychotrope et très puissant dépresseur du système nerveux central, utilisé à des fins médicales ou à des fins détournées. Le GHB est une substance endogène, produite physiologiquement et naturellement dans le cerveau des mammifères et sa structure chimique est très proche du neurotransmetteur GABA.

Inhalant

Inhalants are a broad range of household and industrial chemicals whose volatile vapors or pressurized gases can be concentrated and breathed in via the nose or mouth to produce intoxication, in a manner not intended by the manufacturer. They are inhaled at room temperature through volatilization (in the case of gasoline or acetone) or from a pressurized container (e.g., nitrous oxide or butane), and do not include drugs that are sniffed after burning or heating.