IPod nano

Résumé

L'iPod nano est un baladeur numérique à mémoire flash de la gamme iPod, conçu et commercialisé par Apple de 2005 à 2017. Caractéristiques Le principal changement lors de l'arrivée de l'iPod nano est pour Apple l'utilisation de mémoire flash en lieu et place du disque dur utilisé dans l'iPod classic et l'iPod mini. Les avantages de cette mémoire sont l'absence de parties mécaniques, ce qui rend l'iPod nano plus robuste et utilisable dans plus de situations (jogging…), et sa taille qui permet de concevoir un iPod bien plus petit. En contrepartie ce support est plus cher, la mémoire disponible est donc moindre. L'iPod nano fonctionne avec iTunes sur Mac OS X ou Microsoft Windows et le logiciel d'Apple gratuit iTunes. Il se connecte à l'ordinateur via un câble Lightning vers USB (fourni). L'iPod permet, en plus de lire la musique (aux formats AAC, MP3, AIFF, WAV, Audible, Apple Lossless), de lire des vidéos (de la troisième à la cinquième génération) et regarder des photos. I

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPod_nano

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Capillarity plays a crucial role in many natural and engineered systems, ranging from nutrient delivery in plants to functional textiles for wear comfort or thermal heat pipes for heat dissipation. Unlike nano- or microfluidic systems with well-defined pore network geometries and well-understood capillary flow, fiber textiles or preforms used in composite structures exhibit highly anisotropic pore networks that span from micron scale pores between fibers to millimeter scale pores between fiber yarns that are woven or stitched into a textile preform. Owing to the nature of the composite manufacturing processes, capillary action taking place in the complex network is usually coupled with hydrodynamics as well as the (chemo) rheology of the polymer matrices; these phenomena are known to play a crucial role in producing high quality composites. Despite its importance, the role of capillary effects in composite processing largely remained overlooked. Their magnitude is indeed rather low as compared to hydrodynamic effects, and it is difficult to characterize them due to a lack of adequate monitoring techniques to capture the time and spatial scale on which the capillary effects take place. There is a renewed interest in this topic, due to a combination of increasing demand for high performance composites and recent advances in experimental techniques as well as numerical modeling methods. The present review covers the developments in the identification, measurement and exploitation of capillary effects in composite manufacturing. A special focus is placed on Liquid Composite Molding processes, where a dry stack is impregnated with a low viscosity thermoset resin mainly via in-plane flow, thus exacerbating the capillary effects within the anisotropic pore network of the reinforcements. Experimental techniques to investigate the capillary effects and their evolution from post-mortem analyses to in-situ/rapid techniques compatible with both translucent and non-translucent reinforcements are reviewed. Approaches to control and enhance the capillary effects for improving composite quality are then introduced. This is complemented by a survey of numerical techniques to incorporate capillary effects in process simulation, material characterization and by the remaining challenges in the study of capillary effects in composite manufacturing.

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA2022

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Kilowatt-range Picosecond Switching Based on Microplasma Devices

Armin Jafari, Elison de Nazareth Matioli, Remco Franciscus Peter van Erp

Plasma formation in micro- and nano-scales enables an ultrahigh-dv/dt picosecond switching in an integrated circuit form factor. Such on-chip plasma devices could provide a transformative approach to achieving high-power levels at very high frequencies, far surpassing the best performance of conventional III-V electronics. In this work, we demonstrate the application of scaled-up nano- and microplasma switches as discrete devices in high-performance picosecond pulsed-power sources. A prototype circuit, utilizing the fabricated plasma devices operating as the switch, shows a high voltage-rising-rate beyond 10 kV ns−1 at 15 kW peak power. The pulsed-power source exhibits a sub-100 ps rise-time (without de-embedding). The device has the capability of reaching exceptionally high current densities up to 325 A mm−1. The switches are compatible with planar semiconductor fabrication, enabling their integration with other electronic devices and microwave components, which opens pathways towards the future ultrahigh power density picosecond pulsed-power sources.

2021

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Neglected nano-effects of nanoparticles in the interpretation of their toxicity

Dominique Bonvin, Heinrich Hofmann, Marijana Mionic Ebersold

2018

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FRONTIERS MEDIA SA2022