A pier, in architecture, is an upright support for a structure or superstructure such as an arch or bridge. Sections of structural walls between openings (bays) can function as piers. External or free-standing walls may have piers at the ends or on corners.
The simplest cross section of the pier is square, or rectangular, but other shapes are also common. In medieval architecture, massive circular supports called drum piers, cruciform (cross-shaped) piers, and compound piers are common architectural elements.
Columns are a similar upright support, but stand on a round base. In buildings with a sequence of bays between piers, each opening (window or door) between two piers is considered a single bay.
Single-span bridges have abutments at each end that support the weight of the bridge and serve as retaining walls to resist lateral movement of the earthen fill of the bridge approach. Multi-span bridges require piers to support the ends of spans between these abutments. In cold climates, the upstream edge of a pier may include a starkwater to prevent accumulation of broken ice during peak snowmelt flows. The starkwater has a sharpened upstream edge sometimes called a cutwater. The cutwater edge may be of concrete or masonry, but is often capped with a steel angle to resist abrasion and focus force at a single point to fracture floating pieces of ice striking the pier. In cold climates, the starling is typically sloped at an angle of about 45° so current pushing against the ice tends to lift the downstream edge of the ice translating horizontal force of the current to vertical force against a thinner cross-section of ice until unsupported weight of ice fractures the piece of ice allowing it to pass on either side of the pier.
In the Arc de Triomphe, Paris (illustration, right) the central arch and side arches are raised on four massive .
Donato Bramante's original plan for St Peter's Basilica in Rome has richly articulated piers. Four piers support the weight of the dome at the central crossing.
Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.
vignette|Pont en maçonnerie sur l'Antietam, un affluent du fleuve Potomac. vignette|Ponts en arc dans le centre-ville d'Amsterdam. vignette|Le pont Maximilien-Joseph à Munich. vignette|Le pont Gebsattel à Munich. vignette|Les Satsop River Bridges dans l'État de Washington. Un pont en arc est un pont, à savoir une construction qui permet de franchir une dépression ou un obstacle (cours d'eau, voie de communication, vallée, ravin, canyon), dont la ligne de la partie inférieure (intrados), est en forme d'arc.
Une voûte (ou voute) est un ouvrage architectural, souvent construit en brique, moellon, pierre, ou béton, dont le dessous (ou intrados) est fait en arc ou en plate-bande. Lorsqu'il est construit en pierre, il est formé par des voussoirs ou claveaux qui, par leurs dispositions, se soutiennent ensemble. On donne aux voûtes différentes dénominations suivant leur forme. Une voûtelette est une petite voûte. La surface intérieure ou concave d'une voûte (comme d'un arc ou d'un voussoir) est nommée intrados ; la surface extérieure convexe étant nommée extrados.
A pier, in architecture, is an upright support for a structure or superstructure such as an arch or bridge. Sections of structural walls between openings (bays) can function as piers. External or free-standing walls may have piers at the ends or on corners. The simplest cross section of the pier is square, or rectangular, but other shapes are also common. In medieval architecture, massive circular supports called drum piers, cruciform (cross-shaped) piers, and compound piers are common architectural elements.
This course deals with the main aspects of seismic design and assessment of buildings including conceptual design. It covers different structural design and evaluation philosophies for new and existin