Valeur ajoutéeLa valeur ajoutée est une notion des domaines fiscaux et comptable, ainsi que dans l’ingénierie industrielle, où elle permet de spécifier les résultats des opérations de transformation ainsi que d'évaluer et de faire évoluer la conception de produits. Elle s'inscrit en particulier dans l'analyse de la valeur. Selon l'INSEE, la valeur ajoutée se définit ainsi : .
Consumption of fixed capitalConsumption of fixed capital (CFC) is a term used in business accounts, tax assessments and national accounts for depreciation of fixed assets. CFC is used in preference to "depreciation" to emphasize that fixed capital is used up in the process of generating new output, and because unlike depreciation it is not valued at historic cost but at current market value (so-called "economic depreciation"); CFC may also include other expenses incurred in using or installing fixed assets beyond actual depreciation charges.
Value productThe value product (VP) is an economic concept formulated by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy during the 1860s, and used in Marxian social accounting theory for capitalist economies. Its annual monetary value is approximately equal to the netted sum of six flows of income generated by production: wages and salaries of employees. profit including distributed and undistributed profit. interest paid by producing enterprises from current gross income rent paid by producing enterprises from current gross income, including land rents.
Plus-value (marxisme)La plus-value (ou parfois survaleur) est un concept forgé par Proudhon, puis repris et développé par Karl Marx dans sa critique de l'économie politique et de l'exploitation capitaliste, et ensuite détaillé dans Le Capital. Karl Marx reprend et complète la théorie de la valeur des économistes classiques (Adam Smith, David Ricardo, etc.), et développe l'idée que la source de la valeur d’échange d’une marchandise est la quantité de travail (socialement nécessaire) qui y est incorporée.
Net outputNet output is an accounting concept used in national accounts such as the United Nations System of National Accounts (UNSNA) and the NIPAs, and sometimes in corporate or government accounts. The concept was originally invented to measure the total net addition to a country's stock of wealth created by production during an accounting interval. The concept of net output is basically "gross revenue from production less the value of goods and services used up in that production".
Operating surplusOperating surplus is an accounting concept used in national accounts statistics (such as United Nations System of National Accounts (UNSNA)) and in corporate and government accounts. It is the balancing item of the Generation of Income Account in the UNSNA. It may be used in macro-economics as a proxy for total pre-tax profit income, although entrepreneurial income may provide a better measure of business profits. According to the 2008 SNA, it is the measure of the surplus accruing from production before deducting property income, e.
Capital formationCapital formation is a concept used in macroeconomics, national accounts and financial economics. Occasionally it is also used in corporate accounts. It can be defined in three ways: It is a specific statistical concept, also known as net investment, used in national accounts statistics, econometrics and macroeconomics. In that sense, it refers to a measure of the net additions to the (physical) capital stock of a country (or an economic sector) in an accounting interval, or, a measure of the amount by which the total physical capital stock increased during an accounting period.
Économie marxisteL'économie marxiste est une école de pensée économique issue des travaux de Karl Marx et de ses successeurs marxistes. L'économie marxiste renvoie à l'ensemble des productions intellectuelles d'économie inspirées des thèses du marxisme. L'économie marxiste est basée sur trois noyaux : les écrits économiques de Marx ; l'économie marxienne, qui se réclame de la pensée originale de Marx ; et l'économie marxiste, qui appuie sa réflexion sur le marxisme et l'élargit.
Fixed investmentFixed investment in economics is the purchasing of newly produced fixed capital. It is measured as a flow variable – that is, as an amount per unit of time. Thus, fixed investment is the accumulation of physical assets such as machinery, land, buildings, installations, vehicles, or technology. Normally, a company balance sheet will state both the amount of expenditure on fixed assets during the quarter or year, and the total value of the stock of fixed assets owned.
Capital fixeLe capital fixe est l'ensemble des actifs corporels ou incorporels destinés à être utilisés dans le processus de production pendant au moins un an (ce sont des biens durables) on peut dire aussi que produire plus et mieux exige une utilisation harmonieuse des facteurs de productions pour réaliser de nouveaux investissements donc former un capital fixe. Pour Karl Marx, le capital fixe est la part du capital dévolue, dans l'investissement productif, à l'achat de bâtiments (installation d'une usine par exemple), de machines et d'outils.
