Concept
Fumée
Concepts associés (26)
Tobacco smoke
Tobacco smoke is a sooty aerosol produced by the incomplete combustion of tobacco during the smoking of cigarettes and other tobacco products. Temperatures in burning cigarettes range from about 400 °C between puffs to about 900 °C during a puff. During the burning of the cigarette tobacco (itself a complex mixture), thousands of chemical substances are generated by combustion, distillation, pyrolysis and pyrosynthesis. Tobacco smoke is used as a fumigant and inhalant.
Foyer
vignette|Intérieur domestique - XIV° siècle Le foyer est un emplacement dévolu au feu, aire de combustion à l'air libre (foyer à plat simple ou aménagé, foyer creusé en cuvette ou en fosse, foyer surélevé), foyer ouvert au centre d'une pièce (la fumée s'échappe alors par le toit, comme l' irori, au Japon) ou âtre de cheminée, adossée à un mur. Dans le domaine technique, le foyer est la partie d'un appareil de chauffage domestique ou industriel (chaudière ou poêle) où se déroule la réaction de combustion, appelée aussi chambre de combustion, ou brûleur dans lesquels le combustible est brûlé.
Retardant
thumb|Un Hercules C-130 largue du retardant sur une forêt en Californie (1997). Un retardant est un produit chimique destiné à freiner la propagation des incendies. Ce terme inclut des substances agissant par voie chimique et physique (telles que les émulseurs et les gels ignifuges). Les retardateurs de feu peuvent également être des revêtements appliqués à un objet sous forme de spray. Le retardant est souvent appliqué par largage à partir d'un avion bombardier d'eau ou d'un hélicoptère, mais peut également l’être depuis des engins terrestres.
Benzopyrene
A benzopyrene is an organic compound with the formula C20H12. Structurally speaking, the colorless isomers of benzopyrene are pentacyclic hydrocarbons and are fusion products of pyrene and a phenylene group. Two isomeric species of benzopyrene are benzo[a]pyrene and the less common benzo[e]pyrene. They belong to the chemical class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Related compounds include cyclopentapyrenes, dibenzopyrenes, indenopyrenes and naphthopyrenes.
Particulate pollution
Particulate pollution is pollution of an environment that consists of particles suspended in some medium. There are three primary forms: atmospheric particulate matter, marine debris, and space debris. Some particles are released directly from a specific source, while others form in chemical reactions in the atmosphere. Particulate pollution can be derived from either natural sources or anthropogenic processes. Atmospheric particulate matter, also known as particulate matter, or PM, describes solids and/or liquid particles suspended in a gas, most commonly the Earth's atmosphere.
Black carbon
Chemically, black carbon (BC) is a component of fine particulate matter (PM ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter). Black carbon consists of pure carbon in several linked forms. It is formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuel, and biomass, and is one of the main types of particle in both anthropogenic and naturally occurring soot. Black carbon causes human morbidity and premature mortality. Because of these human health impacts, many countries have worked to reduce their emissions, making it an easy pollutant to abate in anthropogenic sources.