Corps calleux | EPFL Graph Search

Le corps calleux (ou corpus callosum) est une commissure (moyen d'union entre deux parties) transversale du cerveau présente chez les mammifères placentaires. C’est un faisceau d'axones (fibre nerveuse qui correspond au prolongement long, mince et cylindrique du corps cellulaire d'un neurone) interconnectant les deux hémisphères cérébraux. C'est la plus importante commissure du cerveau, car elle relie les six lobes du cerveau entre eux (lobes frontaux, temporaux, pariétaux et occipitaux gauche et droit). Le corps calleux assure donc le transfert d'informations entre les deux hémisphères et ainsi leur coordination. Les autres commissures sont le fornix, le cingulum et la commissure blanche antérieure. Structure D’avant en arrière, on peut délimiter trois structures :

le « genou » et le tiers antérieur du corps calleux (bec ou rostrum) sont ainsi formés par les fibres qui unissent les deux cortex (lobes) frontaux ;
le tiers moyen (ou tronc) est formé par les fibres qui

Evolution amplified processing with temporally dispersed slow neuronal connectivity in primates

Hassan Ghaziri, Giorgio Innocenti

The corpus callosum (CC) provides the main route of communication between the 2 hemispheres of the brain. In monkeys, chimpanzees, and humans, callosal axons of distinct size interconnect functionally different cortical areas. Thinner axons in the genu and in the posterior body of the CC interconnect the prefrontal and parietal areas, respectively, and thicker axons in the midbody and in the splenium interconnect primary motor, somatosensory, and visual areas. At all locations, axon diameter, and hence its conduction velocity, increases slightly in the chimpanzee compared with the macaque because of an increased number of large axons but not between the chimpanzee and man. This, together with the longer connections in larger brains, doubles the expected conduction delays between the hemispheres, from macaque to man, and amplifies their range about 3-fold. These changes can have several consequences for cortical dynamics, particularly on the cycle of interhemispheric oscillators.

National Academy of Sciences2009

Intra- and inter-hemispheric structural connectome in agenesis of the corpus callosum

Minghui Shi, Vanessa Siffredi, Dimitri Nestor Alice Van De Ville

Agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) is a congenital brain malformation characterized by the complete or partial failure to develop the corpus callosum. Despite missing the largest white matter bundle connecting the left and right hemispheres of the brain, studies have shown preserved inter-hemispheric communication in individuals with AgCC. It is likely that plasticity provides mechanisms for the brain to adjust in the context of AgCC, as the malformation disrupts programmed developmental brain processes very early on. A proposed candidate for neuroplastic response in individuals with AgCC is strengthening of intra-hemispheric structural connections. In the present study, we explore this hypothesis using a graph-based approach of the structural connectome, which enables intra-and inter-hemispheric analyses at multiple resolutions and quantification of structural characteristics through graph metrics. Structural graph metrics of 19 children with AgCC (13 with complete, 6 with partial AgCC) were compared to those of 29 typically developing controls (TDC). Associations between structural graph metrics and a wide range of neurobehavioral outcomes were examined using a multivariate data-driven approach (Partial Least Squares Correlation, PLSC). Our results provide new evidence suggesting structural strengthening of intra-hemispheric pathways as a neuroplastic response in the acallosal brain, and highlight regional variability in structural connectivity in children with AgCC compared to TDC. There was little evidence that structural graph properties in children with AgCC were associated with neurobehavioral outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first report leveraging graph theory tools to explicitly characterize whole-brain intra-and inter-hemispheric structural connectivity in AgCC, opening avenues for future research on neuroplastic responses in AgCC.

ELSEVIER SCI LTD2021

The functional characterization of callosal connections

Muhamed Barakovic, Giorgio Innocenti

The brain operates through the synaptic interaction of distant neurons within flexible, often heterogeneous, distributed systems. Histological studies have detailed the connections between distant neurons, but their functional characterization deserves further exploration. Studies performed on the corpus callosum in animals and humans are unique in that they capitalize on results obtained from several neuroscience disciplines. Such data inspire a new interpretation of the function of callosal connections and delineate a novel road map, thus paving the way toward a general theory of cortico-cortical connectivity. Here we suggest that callosal axons can drive their post-synaptic targets preferentially when coupled to other inputs endowing the cortical network with a high degree of conditionality. This might depend on several factors, such as their pattern of convergence-divergence, the excitatory and inhibitory operation mode, the range of conduction velocities, the variety of homotopic and heterotopic projections and, finally, the state-dependency of their firing. We propose that, in addition to direct stimulation of post-synaptic targets, callosal axons often play a conditional driving or modulatory role, which depends on task contingencies, as documented by several recent studies.

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD2022

Intra- and inter-hemispheric structural connectome in agenesis of the corpus callosum

Minghui Shi, Vanessa Siffredi, Dimitri Nestor Alice Van De Ville

ELSEVIER SCI LTD2021