Physical dependencePhysical dependence is a physical condition caused by chronic use of a tolerance-forming drug, in which abrupt or gradual drug withdrawal causes unpleasant physical symptoms. Physical dependence can develop from low-dose therapeutic use of certain medications such as benzodiazepines, opioids, antiepileptics and antidepressants, as well as the recreational misuse of drugs such as alcohol, opioids and benzodiazepines. The higher the dose used, the greater the duration of use, and the earlier age use began are predictive of worsened physical dependence and thus more severe withdrawal syndromes.
Jeu pathologiqueLe jeu pathologique (aussi nommé jeu compulsif, jeu excessif ou ludomanie) est une forte addiction compulsive aux jeux et paris malgré les conséquences négatives ou le désir d'arrêter. De sévères problèmes de jeux peuvent être diagnostiqués en tant que jeu pathologique clinique si le joueur rencontre certains critères. Ce trouble est reconnu en tant que trouble des habitudes et des impulsions par l'Association américaine de psychiatrie.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is a protein, and more specifically an enzyme, that is encoded by the Cdk5 gene. It was discovered 15 years ago, and it is saliently expressed in post-mitotic central nervous system neurons (CNS). The molecule belongs to the cyclin-dependent kinase family. Kinases are enzymes that catalyze reactions of phosphorylation. This process allows the substrate to gain a phosphate group donated by an organic compound known as ATP.
Dépendance à InternetLa (également nommée , , netaholisme, ou ) fait référence à un trouble psychologique caractérisé par un besoin excessif et obsessionnel d'utiliser un ordinateur et interférant sur la vie quotidienne. vignette|La dépendance à Internet pourrait être un sous-ensemble de formes plus larges de dépendance à la technologie. Le fait que la dépendance à Internet doive être considérée comme pathologique fait débat dans la communauté médicale.
Drug detoxificationDrug detoxification (informally, detox) is variously construed or interpreted as a type of “medical” intervention or technique in regards to a physical dependence mediated by a drug; as well as the process and experience of a withdrawal syndrome or any of the treatments for acute drug overdose (toxidrome). The first definition however, in relation to substance dependence and its treatment is arguably a misnomer and even directly contradictory since withdrawal is neither contingent upon nor alleviated through biological excretion or clearance of the drug.
RelapseIn internal medicine, relapse or recidivism is a recurrence of a past (typically medical) condition. For example, multiple sclerosis and malaria often exhibit peaks of activity and sometimes very long periods of dormancy, followed by relapse or recrudescence. In psychiatry, relapse or reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior, is the recurrence of pathological drug use, self harm or other symptoms after a period of recovery. Relapse is often observed in individuals who have developed a drug addiction or a form of drug dependence, as well as those who have a mental disorder.
Central nervous system diseaseCentral nervous system diseases, also known as central nervous system disorders, are a group of neurological disorders that affect the structure or function of the brain or spinal cord, which collectively form the central nervous system (CNS). These disorders may be caused by such things as infection, injury, blood clots, age related degeneration, cancer, autoimmune disfunction, and birth defects. The symptoms vary widely, as do the treatments. Central nervous system tumors are the most common forms of pediatric cancer.
PharmacodépendanceLa pharmacodépendance est un état psychique et parfois physique, résultant de l'interaction entre un organisme vivant et une substance, caractérisé par des réponses comportementales et autres qui comportent toujours une compulsion à prendre la substance de façon continue ou périodique afin d'en ressentir de nouveau ses effets psychiques (perçus comme agréables) et parfois pour éviter l'inconfort de son absence (ou "manque"). (Syndrome de sevrage) La compulsion est une pulsion irrésistible à accomplir un acte : contre sa raison et contre sa volonté.
Behavioral addictionBehavioral addiction is a form of addiction that involves a compulsion to engage in a rewarding non-substance-related behavior – sometimes called a natural reward – despite any negative consequences to the person's physical, mental, social or financial well-being. Addiction canonically refers to substance abuse; however, the term's connotation has been expanded to include behaviors that may lead to a reward (such as gambling, eating, or shopping) since the 1990s.
Maîtrise de soiLa maîtrise de soi, un aspect du contrôle inhibiteur, est la capacité de réguler ses émotions, ses pensées et son comportement face aux tentations et aux impulsions. En tant que fonction exécutive, la maîtrise de soi est un processus cognitif nécessaire pour réguler son comportement afin d'atteindre des objectifs spécifiques. Un concept connexe en psychologie est l'autorégulation émotionnelle. Le fonctionnement de la maîtrise de soi, est analogue à un muscle.
