ZiyaratIn Islam, ziyara(h) (زِيَارَة ziyārah, "visit") or ziyarat (, ziyārat, "pilgrimage") is a form of pilgrimage to sites associated with Muhammad, his family members and descendants (including the Shī'ī Imāms), his companions and other venerated figures in Islam such as the prophets, Sufi auliya, and Islamic scholars. Sites of pilgrimage include mosques, maqams, battlefields, mountains, and caves. Ziyārat can also refer to a form of supplication made by the Shia, in which they send salutations and greetings to Muhammad and his family.
MawlaMawlā (مَوْلَى, plural mawālī مَوَالِي), is a polysemous Arabic word, whose meaning varied in different periods and contexts. Before the Islamic prophet Muhammad, the term originally applied to any form of tribal association. In the Quran and hadiths it is used in a number of senses, including 'Lord', 'guardian', 'trustee', and 'helper'. After Muhammad's death, this institution was adapted by the Umayyad dynasty to incorporate new converts to Islam into Arab-Muslim society and the word mawali gained currency as an appellation for converted non-Arab Muslims in the early Islamic caliphates.
Infaillibilité (Islam)L’infaillibilité dans l’islam, en arabe : عِصْمَة, isma étymologiquement « ce par quoi on se protège pour éviter un mal », est, selon le dictionnaire Lisān Al-ʻArab, la préservation, protection. Elle concerne, pour tous les musulmans, les prophètes. La croyance en l'infaillibilité des imams est une des caractéristiques des chiites duodécimains. L'infaillibilité a aussi été associée au fondateurs des Almohades ou plus globalement à la communauté musulmane entière dans le cadre du « consensus »-ijma.
BarakahBarakah, ou baraka, est un mot arabe (ar, transcrit barakah) qui signifie, principalement, « sagesse » ou « bénédiction ». Le mot attesté en français par écrit en 1903 signifie la faveur divine qui donne de la chance à l'Homme. Il entre dans le français courant après 1920, en sortant de son cantonnement précédent au registre du monde méditerranéen. Différent du sens noble de la racine sémitique brk, qui peut aussi impliquer une posture de prière et/ou d'agenouillement, le mot indique alors familièrement une chance remarquable ou exceptionnelle (qui peut être due ou non à une protection divine ou surnaturelle).
Sufi literatureSufi literature consists of works in various languages that express and advocate the ideas of Sufism. Sufism had an important influence on medieval literature, especially poetry, that was written in Arabic, Persian, Turkic and Urdu. Sufi doctrines and organizations provided more freedom to literature than did the court poetry of the period. The Sufis borrowed elements of folklore in their literature. The works of Nizami, Nava'i, Hafez, Sam'ani and Jami were more or less related to Sufism.
