Cross-beatIn music, a cross-beat or cross-rhythm is a specific form of polyrhythm. The term cross rhythm was introduced in 1934 by the musicologist Arthur Morris Jones (1889–1980). It refers to a situation where the rhythmic conflict found in polyrhythms is the basis of an entire musical piece. The term "cross rhythm" was introduced in 1934 by the musicologist Arthur Morris Jones (1889–1980), who, with Klaus Wachsmann, took-up extended residence in Zambia and Uganda, respectively, as missionaries, educators, musicologists, and museologists.
Polyrythmievignette|hémiole représentée par 3/4-6/8 polymètre La polyrythmie consiste à superposer plusieurs rythmes d'accentuations différentes, par exemple binaires et ternaires. Chaque partie rythmique est appelée « motif » quand il s’agit d’un rythme qui se répète. La notion de rythmique, et donc de polyrythmie, ne se limite pas à des parties de percussions. On peut donc construire le rythme « de base » suivant (ce rythme est souvent appelé un « trois sur quatre ») : Les o symbolisent chacun une noire et les × un soupir (un silence de la durée d’une noire) On constate alors qu'on retrouve la position initiale au bout d'une période de 12 temps (3x4 temps sur 4x3 temps).
Tresillo (rythme)Tresillo (trɛˈsiːjoʊ ; tɾeˈsiʎo) is a rhythmic pattern (shown below) used in Latin American music. It is a more basic form of the rhythmic figure known as the habanera. \new RhythmicStaff { \clef percussion \time 2/4 \repeat volta 2 { c8. c16 r8[ c] } } Tresillo is the most fundamental duple-pulse rhythmic cell in Cuban and other Latin American music. It was introduced in the New World through the Atlantic slave trade during the Colonial period. The pattern is also the most fundamental and most prevalent duple-pulse rhythmic cell in Sub-Saharan African music traditions.
Additive rhythm and divisive rhythmIn music, the terms additive and divisive are used to distinguish two types of both rhythm and meter: A divisive (or, alternately, multiplicative) rhythm is a rhythm in which a larger period of time is divided into smaller rhythmic units or, conversely, some integer unit is regularly multiplied into larger, equal units. This can be contrasted with additive rhythm, in which larger periods of time are constructed by concatenating (joining end to end) a series of units into larger units of unequal length, such as a meter produced by the regular alternation of and .
OstinatoLostinato est un procédé de composition musicale consistant à répéter obstinément une formule rythmique, mélodique ou harmonique accompagnant de manière immuable les différents éléments thématiques durant tout un morceau. L'ostinato repose souvent sur la basse — basse contrainte, soutenue ou obligée. On parle alors de basso ostinato. Les chaconnes, les passacailles et les grounds sont des modèles du genre. On trouve l'ostinato dès le et on le retrouve en Angleterre au sous le nom de Ground Bass.
Swing (jazz performance style)In music, the term swing has two main uses. Colloquially, it is used to describe the propulsive quality or "feel" of a rhythm, especially when the music prompts a visceral response such as foot-tapping or head-nodding (see pulse). This sense can also be called "groove". It is also known as shuffle. The term swing, as well as swung note(s) and swung rhythm, is also used more specifically to refer to a technique (most commonly associated with jazz but also used in other genres) that involves alternately lengthening and shortening the first and second consecutive notes in the two part pulse-divisions in a beat.
