Concept
Surjection
Concepts associés (27)
Restriction (mathématiques)
thumb|La fonction x2 n'admet pas de réciproque sur la droite réelle. Il faut restreindre sur les réels positifs pour pouvoir définir la racine carrée . En mathématiques, la restriction d'une fonction f est une fonction, souvent notée f ou , pour laquelle on ne considère que les valeurs prises par f sur un domaine A inclus dans le domaine de définition de f. Soit f : E → F une fonction sur un ensemble E vers un ensemble F.
Index set
In mathematics, an index set is a set whose members label (or index) members of another set. For instance, if the elements of a set A may be indexed or labeled by means of the elements of a set J, then J is an index set. The indexing consists of a surjective function from J onto A, and the indexed collection is typically called an indexed family, often written as {Aj}j∈J. An enumeration of a set S gives an index set , where f : J → S is the particular enumeration of S.
Total relation
In mathematics, a binary relation R ⊆ X×Y between two sets X and Y is total (or left total) if the source set X equals the domain {x : there is a y with xRy }. Conversely, R is called right total if Y equals the range {y : there is an x with xRy }. When f: X → Y is a function, the domain of f is all of X, hence f is a total relation. On the other hand, if f is a partial function, then the domain may be a proper subset of X, in which case f is not a total relation.
Bijection, injection and surjection
In mathematics, injections, surjections, and bijections are classes of functions distinguished by the manner in which arguments (input expressions from the domain) and (output expressions from the codomain) are related or mapped to each other. A function maps elements from its domain to elements in its codomain. Given a function : The function is injective, or one-to-one, if each element of the codomain is mapped to by at most one element of the domain, or equivalently, if distinct elements of the domain map to distinct elements in the codomain.
Projection (set theory)
In set theory, a projection is one of two closely related types of functions or operations, namely: A set-theoretic operation typified by the th projection map, written that takes an element of the Cartesian product to the value A function that sends an element to its equivalence class under a specified equivalence relation or, equivalently, a surjection from a set to another set. The function from elements to equivalence classes is a surjection, and every surjection corresponds to an equivalence relation under which two elements are equivalent when they have the same image.
Cancellation property
In mathematics, the notion of cancellativity (or cancellability) is a generalization of the notion of invertibility. An element a in a magma (M, ∗) has the left cancellation property (or is left-cancellative) if for all b and c in M, a ∗ b = a ∗ c always implies that b = c. An element a in a magma (M, ∗) has the right cancellation property (or is right-cancellative) if for all b and c in M, b ∗ a = c ∗ a always implies that b = c. An element a in a magma (M, ∗) has the two-sided cancellation property (or is cancellative) if it is both left- and right-cancellative.
Image d'une application
vignette| est une fonction de dans . L'ovale jaune dans est l'image de . On appelle image d'une application f (d'un ensemble A vers un ensemble B) l' par f de l'ensemble de départ A. C'est donc le sous-ensemble de B contenant les de tous les éléments de A, et uniquement ces images. On le note Im(f). Exemple : Une application est surjective si et seulement si son image coïncide avec son ensemble d'arrivée. Lemme des noyaux Catégorie abélienne Limite projective Noyau (algèbre) (autrement dit : d'une relation