Poole Harbour

Poole Harbour is a large natural harbour in Dorset, southern England, with the town of Poole on its shores. The harbour is a drowned valley (ria) formed at the end of the last ice age and is the estuary of several rivers, the largest being the Frome. The harbour has a long history of human settlement stretching to pre-Roman times. The harbour is extremely shallow (average depth ), with one main dredged channel through the harbour, from the mouth to Holes Bay. Poole Harbour has an area of approximately . It is one of several which lay claim to the title of "second largest natural harbour in the world" (after Port Jackson, Sydney). In 1964 during harbour dredging, the waterlogged remains of a 2000-year-old Iron Age logboat were found off Brownsea Island. Dated at about 295 BC, the Poole Logboat is one of the largest vessels of its type from British waters. Its low freeboard would have limited its use to within Poole Harbour. Poole was used by the Romans as an invasion port for the conquest of southern England, who established the settlement at Hamworthy, now the western half of Poole. A Roman Road ran north from Hamworthy to Badbury Rings, a Roman transport hub. At the time of the Norman Conquest, Poole was a small fishing village. The port grew, and in 1433 Poole was made Dorset's Port of the Staple for the export of wool. Medieval Poole had trading links from the Baltics to Italy. In the 17th century, the town began trading with North America, in particular Newfoundland, and the town became very wealthy. In the 18th century, Poole was the principal British port trading with North America. At the start of the 19th century, 90% of Poole's population's employment was directly dependent on the harbour, but this dropped to 20% during the century as the railways reached the town, and deep-hulled boats moved up the coast to Southampton, which had a deeper harbour and is closer to London. With regular dredging of a channel through the harbour, it has regained some importance. During WW2, Poole Harbour hosted seaplane bases.

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Concepts associés (10)

Brownsea Island

Brownsea Island est la plus grande des huit îles de Poole Harbour, Dorset (Angleterre). La plus grande partie est une réserve naturelle et un important habitat d'oiseaux. L'île est ouverte au public mais le flux de visiteurs est régulé. L'île est fortifiée par Henri VIII d'Angleterre et devient une place forte pour le parlement pendant la guerre civile anglaise. Le château est partiellement détruit par un incendie au . Le , Robert Baden-Powell organise le premier camp scout avec .

Studland

Studland is a village and civil parish on the Isle of Purbeck in Dorset, England. The village is located about north of the town of Swanage, over a steep chalk ridge, and south of the South East Dorset conurbation at Sandbanks, from which it is separated by Poole Harbour. The parish includes Brownsea Island within the harbour. In the 2011 census the parish had 182 households and a population of 425, though many of the houses in the village are holiday homes, second homes, or guest houses, and the village's population varies depending upon the season.

Southampton

Southampton est une ville portuaire majeure de , située sur la côte sud de l’Angleterre. C'est la plus grande ville du Hampshire, devant Portsmouth. Elle a le statut de Cité et d'Autorité unitaire. Comme d’autres villes anglaises, Southampton a été gravement endommagée par les bombardements allemands de la Luftwaffe pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, et la majeure partie de la cité a été détruite. Le mur de l’enceinte médiévale et son entrée monumentale, connue sous le nom de Bargate, au nord de l’ancienne cité, ont été épargnés.